Submit Manuscript

Asian Journal of Scientific Research

Year: 2018 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 3 | Page No.: 401-408
Research Article

Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Virulence-associated Genes in Clinical and Environment Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Iraq

Ahmed Abduljabbar Jaloob Aljanaby
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
LiveDNA: 964.12602
Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered one of the most dangerous opportunistic bacteria worldwide, live in hospitals and other environments such as sewage water and soil and cause different infections include pneumonia. The main aim of this study was to investigate antibiotics susceptibility pattern and genotypic detection of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical and environment sources. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from two sources, 60 isolates from sputum of patients with pneumonia and 60 isolates from sewage water. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was done according to Kirby-Bauer method. Polymerase chain reaction technique was performed to detect the prevalence of six virulence-associated genes. Results: All 120 isolates (100%) were resistance to amoxicillin. While, imipenem was the best efficient antibiotic against clinical and sewage water isolates. Fifty five clinical isolates (91.6%) and 41 sewage water isolates (68.3%) were multi-drug resistance (MDR). The Pap A, Fim H, feoB, iutA, hly and kpsMTII genes prevalence in clinical isolates with percentages 91.6, 100, 80, 95, 20 and 100%, respectively, while the same genes prevalence in sewage water isolates with percentages, 51.6, 68.3, 41.6, 35, 3.3, 5 and 41.6%, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggested that there was positive correlation between the high prevalence of virulence-associated genes and increase of antibiotics resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates.
PDF Fulltext XML References Citation

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Article Trend

Total views 4294

References

  1. Biswas, J.K., M. Mondal, J. Rinklebe, S.K. Sarkar and P. Chaudhuri et al., 2017. Multi-metal resistance and plant growth promotion potential of a wastewater bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its synergistic benefits. Environ. Geochem. Health, 39: 1583-1593.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  2. Koberg, S., E. Brinks, G. Fiedler, C. Husing and G.S. Cho et al., 2017. Genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophage PMBT1 isolated from raw sewage. Genome Announcements, Vol. 5, No. 8.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  3. Laudy, A.E., P. Rog, K. Smolinska-Krol, M. Cmiel and A. Sloczynska et al., 2017. Prevalence of ESBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Warsaw, Poland, detected by various phenotypic and genotypic methods. PLoS ONE, Vol. 12.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  4. Da Silva Junior, V.V., L.D. Ferreira, L.R. Alves, A.B. Cabral and P.R.L. de Araújo Jacome et al., 2017. Detection of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa harboring blaGES-1 and blaGES-11 in Recife, Brazil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 50: 764-768.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  5. Mao, J., A. Zaborin, V. Poroyko, D. Goldfeld and N.A. Lynd et al., 2017. De novo synthesis of phosphorylated triblock copolymers with pathogen virulence-suppressing properties that prevent infection-related mortality. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 3: 2076-2085.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  6. Maura, D., A. Bandyopadhaya and L.G. Rahme, 2018. Animal models for Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing studies. Methods Mol. Biol., 1673: 227-241.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  7. El Fertas-Aissani, R., Y. Messai, S. Alouache and R. Bakour, 2013. Virulence profiles and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from different clinical specimens. Pathol. Biol., 61: 209-216.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  8. The, H.C., A. Karkey, D.P. Thanh, C.J. Boinett and A.K. Cain et al., 2015. A high-resolution genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant hospital outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae. EMBO Mol. Med., 7: 227-239.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  9. Labudda, L., D. Strapagiel, J. Karczewska-Golec and P. Golec, 2017. Complete annotated genome sequences of four Klebsiella pneumoniae phages isolated from sewage in Poland. Genome Announcements, Vol. 5, No. 45.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  10. Vuotto, C., F. Longo, M.P. Balice, G. Donelli and P.E. Varaldo, 2014. Antibiotic resistance related to biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pathogens, 3: 743-758.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  11. Aljanaby, A.A.J. and H.M.R.J. Alhasnawi, 2017. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical sources in Al-Najaf province-Iraq. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 20: 217-232.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  12. Gharrah, M.M., A.M. El-Mahdy and R.F. Barwa, 2017. Association between virulence factors and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae compared to nonproducing isolates. Interdisciplin. Perspect. Infect. Dis., Vol. 2017.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  13. Aljanaby, A.A.J. and A.R. Medhat, 2017. Prevalence of some antimicrobials resistance associated-genes in Salmonella typhi isolated from patients infected with typhoid fever. J. Biol. Sci., 17: 171-184.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  14. Dobrindt, U., 2005. (Patho-)genomics of Escherichia coli. Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 295: 357-371.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  15. Wiskur, B.J., J.J. Hunt and M.C. Callegan, 2008. Hypermucoviscosity as a virulence factor in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis. Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci., 49: 4931-4938.
    CrossRefPubMedDirect Link
  16. De Oliveira, F.P., B.M.F.B. Pires, K.D.C.F. de Almeida Silva, B.T.F. de Carvalho, L.A. Teixeira, G.R. de Paula and B.G.R.B. de Oliveira, 2017. Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic wounds. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs., 44: 528-535.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  17. Harnisz, M. and E. Korzeniewska, 2018. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. in the municipal wastewater system and their dissemination in the environment. Sci. Total Environ., 626: 377-383.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  18. Feglo, P.K. and M. Sewurah, 2018. Characterization of highly virulent multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae isolated from a large cholera outbreak in Ghana. BMC Res. Notes, Vol. 11.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  19. Mac Faddin, J.F., 2000. Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd Edn., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennsylvania, United States, ISBN: 0-683-05318-3, Pages: 912.
    Direct Link
  20. Baccer, R.W., M.D.K. Kirb, J.C. Sherris and M. Turek, 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard single disc diffusion method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 45: 493-496.
    PubMed
  21. CLSI., 2016. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 26th Edn., CLSI Supplement M100S, January 2016, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA., USA.
  22. Moulin-Schouleur, M., M. Reperant, S. Laurent, A. Bree and S. Mignon-Grasteau et al., 2007. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains of avian and human origin: Link between phylogenetic relationships and common virulence patterns. J. Clin. Microbiol., 45: 3366-3376.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  23. Yun, K.W., H.Y. Kim, H.K. Park, W. Kim and I.S. Lim, 2014. Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli of urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in children. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 47: 455-461.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  24. El Zowalaty, M.E., A.A. Al Thani, T.J. Webster, A.E. El Zowalaty and H.P. Schweizer et al., 2015. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Arsenal of resistance mechanisms, decades of changing resistance profiles and future antimicrobial therapies. Future Microbiol., 10: 1683-1706.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  25. Aljanaby, A.A.J. and I.A.J. Aljanaby, 2017. Profile of antimicrobial resistance of aerobic pathogenic bacteria isolated from different clinical infections in Al-Kufa central hospital-Iraq during period from 2015 to 2017. Res. J. Pharm. Technol., 10: 3264-3270.
    Direct Link
  26. Solomon, F.B., F. Wadilo, E.G. Tufa and M. Mitiku, 2017. Extended spectrum and metalo beta-lactamase producing airborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii in restricted settings of a referral hospital: A neglected condition. Antimicrob. Resistance Infect. Control, Vol. 6.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  27. Gorny, R.L., 2004. Filamentous microorganisms and their fragments in indoor air-a review. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med., 11: 185-197.
    PubMedDirect Link
  28. Park, J., J.S. Kim, S. Kim, E. Shin and K.H. Oh et al., 2018. A waterborne outbreak of multiple diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli infections associated with drinking water at a school camp. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 66: 45-50.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  29. Gad, G.F., R.A. El-Domany, S. Zaki and H.M. Ashour, 2007. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Minia, Egypt: Prevalence, antibiogram and resistance mechanisms. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60: 1010-1017.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  30. Vahdani, M., L. Azimi, B. Asghari, F. Bazmi and A.R. Lari, 2012. Phenotypic screening of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and metallo-β-lactamase in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected burns. Ann. Burns Fire Disasters, 25: 78-81.
    Direct Link
  31. Xavier, D.E., R.C. Picao, R. Girardello, L.C. Fehlberg and A.C. Gales, 2010. Efflux pumps expression and its association with porin down-regulation and β-lactamase production among Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing bloodstream infections in Brazil. BMC Microbiol., Vol. 10.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  32. Chen, Z., H. Niu, G. Chen, M. Li, M. Li and Y. Zhou, 2015. Prevalence of ESBLs-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from different wards in a Chinese teaching hospital. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 8: 19400-19405.
    Direct Link
  33. Walsh, T.R., M.A. Toleman, L. Poirel and P. Nordmann, 2005. Metallo-β-lactamases: The quiet before the storm? Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 18: 306-325.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  34. Poole, K., 2007. Efflux pumps as antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Ann. Med., 39: 162-176.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  35. Otton, L.M., M. da Silva Campos, K.L. Meneghetti and G. Corcao, 2017. Influence of twitching and swarming motilities on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas strains. Arch. Microbiol., 199: 677-682.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  36. Karbasizade, V., P. Dehghan, M.M. Sichani, K. Shahanipoor, S. Sepahvand, R. Jafari and R. Yousefian, 2017. Evaluation of three plant extracts against biofilm formation and expression of quorum sensing regulated virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pak. J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 30: 585-589.
    Direct Link
  37. Hoiby, N., T. Bjarnsholt, M. Givskov, S. Molin and O. Ciofu, 2010. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 35: 322-332.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  38. Murphy, K., A.J. Park, Y. Hao, D. Brewer, J.S. Lam and C.M. Khursigara, 2014. Influence of O polysaccharides on biofilm development and outer membrane vesicle biogenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. J. Bacteriol., 196: 1306-1317.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  39. Rivero, A., E. Gomez, D. Alland, D.B. Huang and T. Chiang, 2010. K2 serotype Klebsiella pneumoniae causing a liver abscess associated with infective endocarditis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 48: 639-641.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  40. Victor, L.Y., D.S. Hansen, W.C. Ko, A. Sagnimeni and K.P. Klugman et al., 2007. Virulence characteristics of Klebsiella and clinical manifestations of K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 13: 986-993.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  41. Koczura, R. and A. Kaznowski, 2003. Occurrence of the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island and iron uptake systems in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb. Pathog., 35: 197-202.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  42. May, T. and S. Okabe, 2011. Enterobactin is required for biofilm development in reduced-genome Escherichia coli. Environ. Microbiol., 13: 3149-3162.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  43. Stehling, E.G., D.S. Leite and W.D. Silveira, 2010. Molecular typing and biological characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Brazil. Braz. J. Infect. Dis., 14: 462-467.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  44. Gutu, A.D., N.S. Rodgers, J. Park and S.M. Moskowitz, 2015. Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-level resistance to polymyxins and other antimicrobial peptides requires cprA, a gene that is disrupted in the PAO1 strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59: 5377-5387.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  45. Tong, T.T., M. Morgelin, A. Forsgren and K. Riesbeck, 2007. Haemophilus influenzae survival during complement-mediated attacks is promoted by Moraxella catarrhalis outer membrane vesicles. J. Infect. Dis., 195: 1661-1670.
    CrossRefDirect Link
  46. Manning, A.J. and M.J. Kuehn, 2011. Contribution of bacterial outer membrane vesicles to innate bacterial defense. BMC Microbiol., Vol. 11.
    CrossRefDirect Link

Keywords