S.I. Eduok
Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
G.A. Ebong
Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
E.P. Udoinyang
Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
J.N. Njoku
Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
E.A. Eyen
Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Bacteriological density and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were determined in the brackish surface water and mangrove oyster (Crassostrea tulipa) from Douglas creek, Nigeria. Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THBC), Total Vibrio (TVC) and Total Coliform (TCC) counts ranged from 8.8 x 104 - 10.8 x 104 cfu/ml, 2.1 x 104 - 3.8 x 104 cfu/ml and 5.2 x 104 - 7.2 x 104 cfu/ml in water whereas THBC, TVC, TCC in the mangrove oyster ranged from 12.5 x 106 - 17.9 x 106 cfu/g, 3.9 x 105 - 5.8 x 105 cfu/g and 8.9 x 105 - 9.7 x 105 cfu/g. The microbial groups in the water and oyster exhibited varying correlations with r-values (p = 0.05) ranging from -0.3767 to 0.7209. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Aerobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus sp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter iwoffii, Chromatium sp, Micrococcus sedentarius, Listeria monocytogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The individual PAH accumulated by the mangrove oyster ranged from 0.02-3.56 mg/kg against background surface water PAH concentration which ranged from 0.02 - 1.00 mg/l. Total PAH concentration in brackish surface water and mangrove oyster tissue was 7.51 mg/l and 11.96 mg/kg respectively. The Bioconcentration Factor (BFC) of the individual PAH in the mangrove oyster ranged from 0.51 [benzo (b) fluoranthene] to 17.8 [dibenzo (a,h) anthracene]. The microbial isolates are of health significance and PAH concentration in the mangrove oyster could biomagnify along the food chain with adverse toxicological effects on ardent consumers of the biota. The mangrove oyster (Crassostrea tulipa) could be used as a biomarker of bacterial and PAH contamination of the mangrove ecosystem.
PDF References
How to cite this article
S.I. Eduok, G.A. Ebong, E.P. Udoinyang, J.N. Njoku and E.A. Eyen, 2010. Bacteriological and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea tulipa) from Douglas Creek, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9: 35-42.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.35.42
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.35.42
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.35.42
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.35.42
REFERENCES
- Aaron, K.K., 2005. Perspective: Big oil, rural poverty and environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. J. Agric. Safety Health, 11: 127-134.
PubMedDirect Link - Asuquo, F.E., F.N. Morah, A.E. Nya and M.E. Ehrhardt, 1995. Trace metals in crude oils and beach tars from Nigerian coastline. Indian J. Mar. Sci., 24: 16-18.
Direct Link - Burke, V., M. Gracey, J. Robinson, D. Peck, D. Beaman and C. Bundell, 1983. The microbiology of childhood gasteroenteritis. Aeromonas species and other infective agents. J. Infect. Dis., 148: 68-74.
Direct Link - Clements, W.H., J.T. Oris and T.E. Wissing, 1994. Accumulation and food chain transfer of flouranthene and benzo[a]pyrene in Chironomus riparius and Lepomis macrochiru. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 26: 261-266.
CrossRefDirect Link - Carlucci, A.F. and D. Pramer, 1959. Factors affecting survival of bacteria in sea water. Applied Microbiol., 7: 388-392.
Direct Link - Deschenes, L., P. Lafrance, J.P. Villeneuve and R. Samson, 1996. Adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 biosurfactants inhibits polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in a weathered creosote-contaminated soil. Applied Microbiol. Biotechnol., 46: 638-646.
Direct Link - Dutka, B.J., 1973. Coliforms are an inadequate index of water quality. Environ. Health, 36: 39-46.
Direct Link - Dawe, L. and W.R. Penrose, 1978. Bactericidal properties of seawater: Death or debilitation? Applied Environ. Microbiol., 35: 829-833.
Direct Link - Duffour, A., E.H. Strickland and V.J. Cabelli, 1981. Membrane filter method for enumerating Escherichia coli. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 41: 1152-1558.
Direct Link - Essien, J.P. and S.P. Antai, 2005. Negative effects of oil spillage on beach microalgae in Nigeria. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21: 567-573.
CrossRefDirect Link - Eisler, R., 1987. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hazards to fish, wildlife and invertebrates: A synoptic review. Wildlife Res., 85: 1-55.
CrossRefDirect Link - Harrigan, W.F. and M.E. McCance, 1990. Laboratory Methods in Food and Diary Microbiology. 8th Edn., Academic Press, London pp. 7-23, 286-303.
CrossRef - Itah, A.Y. and J.P. Essien, 2005. Growth profile and hydrocarbonoclastic potential of microorganisms isolated from tarballs in the Bight of Bonny, Nigeria. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21: 1317-1322.
Direct Link - Jhonson, K. and S. Ghosh, 1998. Feasibility of anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in dredged river sediments. Water Sci. Technol., 38: 41-48.
Direct Link - Kanaly, R.A. and S. Harayama, 2000. Biodegradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria. J. Bacteriol., 182: 2059-2067.
Direct Link - Kinkle, L., M. Wilson and S.E. Lindow, 1995. Effects of scale on the assessment of epiphytic bacteria population. Microbial Ecol., 29: 283-297.
CrossRefDirect Link - Lawrence, J.F. and D.F. Weber, 1984. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some Canadian commercial fish, shellfish and meat products by liquid chromatography with confirmation by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 32: 789-794.
CrossRefDirect Link - Lu, P.Y., R.L. Metcalf, N. Plummer and D. Mandel, 1977. The environmental fate of three carcinogens: Benzo-(a)-pyrene, benzidine and vinyl chloride evaluated in laboratory model ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 6: 129-142.
CrossRefDirect Link - Nestler, F.H.M., 1974. Characterization of wood-preserving coal-tar creosote by gas-liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem., 46: 46-53.
CrossRefDirect Link - Nishioka, M., H.Y. Chang and M. Lee, 1986. Structural characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon isomers in coal tars and combustion products. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 1023-1027.
CrossRefDirect Link - Nunes, A.J.P. and G.J. Parsons, 1998. Dynamics of tropical coastal aquaculture systems and the consequences to waste production. World Aquacult, 29: 27-37.
Direct Link - Neff, J.M., B.A. Cox, D. Dixit and J.W. Anderson, 1976. Accumulation and release of petroleum derived aromatic hydrocarbons by four species of marine animals. Mar. Biol., 38: 279-289.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rhodes, M.W., I. Anderson and H.I. Kator, 1983. In situ development of sublethal stress in Escherichia coli: Effects on enumeration. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 45: 1870-1876.
Direct Link - Udotong, I.R., S.I. Eduok, J.P. Essien and B.N. Ita, 2008. Density of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation in Iko River Mangrove ecosystem, Nigeria. World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 34: 830-836.
Direct Link - Ukpong, I.E., 1995. An ordination study of mangrove swamp communities in West Africa. Vegetatio, 116: 147-159.
Direct Link - Varanasi, U., W.L. Reichert, J.E. Stein, D.W. Brown and H.R. Sanborn, 1985. Bioavailability and biotransformation of aromatic hydrocarbons in benthic organisms exposed to sediment from an urban estuary. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19: 836-841.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wang, X., X. Yu and R. Bartha, 1990. Effects of bioremediation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues in soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 24: 1086-1089.
Direct Link - Wang, Z., M. Fingas, Y.Y. Shu, L. Sigouin, M. Landriault and P. Lambert, 1999. Quantitative characterization of PAHs in burn residue and soot samples and differentiation of pyrogenic PAHs from petrogenic PAHs-the 1994 mobile burn study. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33: 3100-3109.
Direct Link - Walker, C.H., 1987. Kinetic models for predicting bioaccumulation of pollutants in ecosystems. Environ. Pollut., 44: 227-240.
CrossRef
Nathalia Cavaleiro Reply
I'm a PhD brazilian student and I'd like to know if it is possible sending a photo of the oyster Crassostrea tulipa to my email.
Thank you so much and congratulations to your work.