A. Martynova-Van Kley
Department of Biotechnology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX-75965, USA
M.S. Manoharan
Department of Biotechnology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX-75965, USA
J. Bray
Department of Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX-75965, USA
M.E. Hume
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX-77845, USA
S.E. Dowd
Research and Testing Laboratories, Lubbock, TX-79407, USA
A. Nalian
Department of Biotechnology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX-75965, USA
ABSTRACT
Eimeria spp. invade and damage the intestinal cell lining of broilers resulting in cell necrosis and secondary bacterial infections. The current work investigates the effect of anticoccidial agents, salinomycin in combination with Roxarsone and Eimeria-challenge on the composition of broiler cecal microflora. Three hundred and twenty day-old male Cobb broilers were among four treatment groups: NN (no salinomycin and no Eimeria challenge) and NC (no salinomycin plus Eimeria challenge) received basal diet with no salinomycin, while SN (salinomycin and no Eimeria challenge) and SC (salinomycin plus Eimeria challenge) received basal diet with salinomucin. Broilers in groups NC and SC were orally gavaged on d 28 with a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge. Body weight and Eimeria lesion scores were determined at d 35. Cecal bacterial DNA from broilers at day 28 and day 35 were subjected to 454 pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA for sequence identification. Relative percent abundance and richness of the identified taxa were analyzed. Salinomycin had significant influence on the total number of taxa (p = 0.02) and on cecal microbial community structure (p = 0.002). The mixed Eimeria challenge marginally affected the total number of taxa (p = 0.06) and the composition of microbial communities (p = 0.09). Broiler age, body weight and Eimeria lesion score had no significant effect on the cecal microbial communities. Results from this study indicate that pyrosequencing is effective in understanding the dynamics and functionality of cecal microbial communities in relation to anticoccidial treatment, Eimeria challenge and broiler performances.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
A. Martynova-Van Kley, M.S. Manoharan, J. Bray, M.E. Hume, S.E. Dowd and A. Nalian, 2013. Pyrosequencing Analysis of Salinomycin and Eimeria spp. Challenge-Induced Changes in Broiler Cecal Microbial Communities. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 689-697.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2013.689.697
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2013.689.697
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2013.689.697
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2013.689.697
REFERENCES
- Acosta-Martinez, V., S.E. Dowd, Y. Sun and V. Allen, 2008. Tag-encoded pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in a single soil type as affected by management and land use. Soil Biol. Biochem., 40: 2762-2770.
CrossRefDirect Link - Amend, A.S., K.A. Seifert and T.D. Bruns, 2010. Quantifying microbial communities with 454 pyrosequencing: Does read abundance count. Mol. Ecol., 19: 5555-5565.
CrossRefDirect Link - Amit-Romach, E., D. Sklan and Z. Uni, 2004. Microflora ecology of the chicken intestine using 16s ribosomal DNA primers. Poult. Sci., 83: 1093-1098.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Apajalahti, J.H. and M.R. Bedford, 1999. Improve bird performance by feeding its microflora. World Poult., 15: 20-23.
Direct Link - Apajalahti, J.H.A., A. Kettunen, M.R. Bedford and W.E. Holben, 2001. Percent G+C profiling accurately reveals diet-related differences in the gastrointestinal microbial community of broiler chickens. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 67: 5656-5667.
CrossRefDirect Link - Apajalahti, J., A. Kettunen and H. Graham, 2004. Characteristics of the gastrointestinal microbial communities, with special reference to the chicken. World's Poult. Sci. J., 60: 223-232.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ashraf, M.A., T.N. Pasha, N.A. Mian, A. Hashmi and Z. Ali, 2002. Comparative efficacy of different feed additive anticoccidials in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 1: 185-187.
CrossRefDirect Link - Callaway, T.R., S.E. Dowd, R. D. Wolcott, Y. Sun and J.L. McReynolds et al., 2009. Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in cecal contents of laying hens fed various molting diets by using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing. Poult. Sci., 88: 298-302.
Direct Link - Claesson, M.J., O. O'Sullivan, Q. Wang, J. Nikkila and J.R. Marchesi et al., 2009. Comparative analysis of pyrosequencing and a phylogenetic microarray for exploring microbial community structures in the human distal intestine. PLoS One, Vol. 4.
CrossRef - Dibner, J.J. and J.D. Richards, 2004. The digestive system: Challenges and opportunities. J. Applied Poult. Res., 13: 86-93.
CrossRefDirect Link - Dowd, S.E., Y. Sun, R.D. Wolcott, A. Domingo and J.A. Carroll, 2008. Bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) for microbiome studies: Bacterial diversity in the ileum of newly weaned Salmonella-infected pigs. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 5: 459-472.
CrossRefDirect Link - Dowd, S.E., T.R. Callaway, R.D. Wolcott, Y. Sun, T. McKeehan, R.G. Hagevoort and T.S. Edrington, 2008. Evaluation of the bacterial diversity in the feces of cattle using 16S rDNA bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). BMC Microbiol., Vol. 8.
CrossRefDirect Link - Duffy, C.F., G.F. Mathis and R.F. Power, 2005. Effects of Natustat supplementation on performance, feed efficiency and intestinal lesion scores in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Vet. Parasitol., 130: 185-190.
CrossRefDirect Link - Guo, F.C., B.A. Williams, R.P. Kwakkel, H.S. Li and X.P. Li et al., 2004. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 83: 175-182.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hume, M.E., L.F. Kubena, T.S. Edrington, C.J. Donskey, R.W. Moore, S.C. Ricke and D.J. Nisbet, 2003. Poultry digestive microflora biodiversity as indicated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Poult. Sci., 82: 1100-1107.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hume, M.E., S. Clemente-Hernandez and E.O. Oviedo-Rondon, 2006. Effects of feed additives and mixed Eimeria species infection on intestinal microbial ecology of broilers. Poult. Sci., 85: 2106-2111.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Johnson, J. and W.M. Reid, 1970. Anticoccidial drugs: Lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Exp. Parasitol., 28: 30-36.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Lu, J., U. Idris, B. Harmon, C. Hofacre, J.J. Maurer and M.D. Lee, 2003. Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 69: 6816-6824.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - McArdle, B.H. and M.J. Anderson, 2001. Fitting multivariate models to community data: A comment on distance-based redundancy analysis. Ecology, 82: 290-297.
CrossRefDirect Link - McDougald, L.R., J.M. Gilbert, L. Fuller, A. Rotibi, M. Xie and G. Zhu, 1992. How much does Roxarsone contribute to coccidiosis control in broilers when used in combination with ionophores. J. Applied Poult. Res., 1: 172-179.
CrossRefDirect Link - McDougald, L.R., C. Hofacre, G. Mathis, L. Fuller, J.L. Hargrove, P. Greenspan and D.K. Hartle, 2008. Enhancement of resistance to coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by dietary muscadine pomace. Avian Dis., 52: 646-651.
CrossRefDirect Link - NRC., 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Edn., National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Direct Link - O'Day, K., 2008. Gut reaction: Pyrosequencing provides the poop on distal gut bacteria. PLoS Biol., Vol. 6.
CrossRef - Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., S. Clemente-Hernandez, P. Williams and R. Losa, 2005. Responses of coccidia-vaccinated broilers to essential oil blends supplementation up to forty-nine days of age. J. Applied Poult. Res., 14: 657-664.
CrossRefDirect Link - Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., M.E. Hume, C. Hernandez and S. Clemente-Hernandez, 2006. Intestinal microbial ecology of broilers vaccinated and challenged with mixed Eimeria species and supplemented with essential oil blends. Poult. Sci., 85: 854-860.
CrossRefDirect Link - Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., S. Clemente-Hernandez, F. Salvador, P. Williams and R. Losa, 2006. Essential oils on mixed coccidia vaccination and infection in broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 723-730.
CrossRefDirect Link - Oviedo-Rondon, E.O., 2009. Molecular methods to evaluate effects of feed additives and nutrients in poultry gut microflora. Rev. Brasil. Zoot., 38: 209-225.
CrossRef - Santos, F.B.O., B.W. Sheldon, A.A. Santos Jr., P.R. Ferket, M.D. Lee, A. Petroso and D. Smith, 2007. Determination of ileum microbial diversity of broilers fed triticale- or corn-based diets and colonized by Salmonella. J. Applied Poult. Res., 16: 563-573.
CrossRefDirect Link - Singla, L.D., A. Pangasa and P.D. Juyal, 2007. Caecal coccidiosis: Efficacv of ayurvedic and allopathic coccidiostats in immunomodulated broiler chicks. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of the Association of Institutions of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, August 20-22, 2007, Montpellier, France, pp: 389-393.
- Suchodolski, J.S., S.E. Dowd, E. Westermarck, J.M. Steiner, R.D. Wolcott, T. Spillmann and J.A. Harmoinen, 2009. The effect of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin on microbial diversity in the canine small intestine as demonstrated by massive parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BMC Microbiol., Vol. 9.
CrossRef - Ter Braak, C.J.F. and I.C. Prentice, 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. Adv. Ecol. Res., 18: 271-317.
CrossRef - Thomke, S. and K. Elwinger, 1998. Growth promotants in feeding pigs and poultry. III. Alternatives to antibiotic growth promotants. Ann. Zootech., 47: 245-271.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wielen, P.W.J.J., D.A. Keuzenkamp, L.J. Lipman, F. Knapen and S. Biesterveld, 2002. Spatial and temporal variation of the intestinal bacterial community in commercially raised broiler chickens during growth. Microb. Ecol., 44: 286-293.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Verstegen, M.W.A. and B.A. Williams, 2002. Alternatives to the use of antibiotics as growth promoters for monogastric animals. Anim. Biotechnol., 13: 113-127.
CrossRefDirect Link - Wang, Q., G.M. Garrity, J.M. Tiedje and J.R. Cole, 2007. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 73: 5261-5267.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Williams, R.B., 2005. Intercurrent coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis of chickens: Rational, integrated disease management by maintenance of gut integrity. Avian Pathol., 34: 159-180.
CrossRefDirect Link - Zhu, X.Y., T. Zhong, Y. Pandya and R.D. Joerger, 2002. 16S rRNA-based analysis of microbiota from the cecum of broiler chickens. Applied Environ. Microbiol., 68: 124-137.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link