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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) |
Doha A. Mohamed  ,
Eman A. Hanfy and Karem Fouda |
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease associated with elevation of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. The aim of the present research was evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of yarrow aerial parts (YAP). Materials and Methods: Proximate composition of YAP was assessed. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids contents of YAP were determined. Fatty acids methyl esters of petroleum ether extract of YAP were analyzed. The antioxidant activity of YAP was assessed. Acute anti-inflammatory activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of YAP was evaluated. Anti-arthritic activity of ethanol extract of YAP was evaluated using adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats. Results: Chemical compositions of YAP clarified presence of carbohydrate (58.29%), protein (10.33%), fat (3.85%), crude fibers (17.32%) and ash (3.37%). Total phenolic, total flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids were presence in YAP by 0.43±0.003 mg GAE g–1 , 0.31±0.008 mg QE g–1 , 0.96±0.006 mg and 1.52%, respectively. Ethanol extract of YAP showed free radical scavenging activity ranged from 47.8-87.8%. Fatty acids methyl esters analysis revealed that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were presented by 50.55 and 16.16%, respectively. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid was present by 8.44 and 7.72%, respectively. Ethanol extract of YAP was promising as anti-inflammatory agent in carrageenan induced rat paw edema and xylene-induced mice ear edema. Ethanol extract of YAP possess anti-arthritic effect in AIA in rats through inhibition of swelling in arthritic rats, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of YAP showed promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities. These activities may be attributed due to the presence of total phenolic, total flavonoids and tannins. Ethanol extract of YAP may be used as anti-arthritic agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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How to cite this article:
Doha A. Mohamed, Eman A. Hanfy and Karem Fouda, 2018. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Activities of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium). Journal of Biological Sciences, 18: 317-328.
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2018.317.328
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2018.317.328
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