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Physiological and Histopathological Effects in Catfish (Clarias lazera) Exposed to Dyestuff and Chemical Wastewater |
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A.M. Abdel-Moneim,
N.M. Abou Shabana,
S.E.M. Khadre and H.H. Abdel-Kader |
Abstract:
This study investigated the toxicity of chemical dye
production industry wastewaters and emphasized the importance of toxicity
tests in wastewater discharge regulations. The dyestuff samples were obtained
from an untreated effluent at Kafr El-Dawar (Egypt) during 5 months from
December 2005 to April 2006. The effluent was near-neutral, strongly colored
and highly ecotoxic with a COD content of 240 mg L-1. Catfish
(Clarias lazera) were used as test organisms. The 96 h LC50
of C. lazera exposed to the effluent was found to be 35%. Twenty
eight-day exposures to 3.12, 6.25 and 12.5% doses were conducted and several
toxicological endpoints were evaluated. The predominant haematological
change was a severe anaemia. Leucocytes count increased in stressed fish.
Moderate neutrophilia and lymphopenia were detected in fish exposed to
effluent concentrations of 6.25 and 12.5%. Monocytosis was quite evident
at 12.5% concentration. Overall increases over control were observed in
serum transaminases (GPT and GOT). However, these increases were not dose
dependent. Blood urea insignificantly changed in treated fish while serum
creatinine significantly elevated after exposure to 3.12 and 12.5% dose
levels. In addition, free amino acids in flesh exhibited a decreasing
trend at all concentrations tested. Moreover, histopathological alterations
in the gills, liver and kidney occurred exclusively after treatment. Histological
analysis of gill samples revealed a range of lesions including lamellar
fusion due to hyperplasia and hypertophy of epithelial cells, subepithelial
cell edema, collapsed pillar cell system and extensive lamellar aneurism.
Liver pathologies included extensive necrosis of hepatocytes, cytoplasmic
vacuolation, distended sinusoids with massive congestion and infiltration
of inflammatory cells through out the liver parenchyma. In the kidney,
the glomeruli appeared shrunken. The tubular epithelium was desquamated,
vacuolated and often destroyed, which render the tubular system of the
mesonephros incapable of functioning properly. From the present findings,
it is assumed that under field conditions, the dyestuff effluent could
induce general toxic effects and possibly might disturb ecologically relevant
processes such as fish reproduction.
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How to cite this article:
A.M. Abdel-Moneim, N.M. Abou Shabana, S.E.M. Khadre and H.H. Abdel-Kader, 2008. Physiological and Histopathological Effects in Catfish (Clarias lazera) Exposed to Dyestuff and Chemical Wastewater. International Journal of Zoological Research, 4: 189-202.
DOI: 10.3923/ijzr.2008.189.202
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2008.189.202
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