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Evaluation of the Chemical, Nutritional, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant-vitamin Profiles of Piliostigma thonningii Leaves (Nigerian Species) |
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O.M. Ighodaro,
S.O. Agunbiade,
J.O Omole and O.A. Kuti |
Abstract:
In this study, the antioxidant-vitamin, phytochemical, mineral and proximate
compositions as well as the antimicrobial sensitivity of Piliostigma thonningii
leaves were evaluated. The dry leaf powder was found to contain alkaloids,
saponins, flavonoids and tannins as phytochenicals in amounts between 0.2 to
2.1 g/100 g. The proximate analysis showed that they are rich in carbohydrate
(72.17%). Other food nutrients include crude protein (10.09%), dietary fibre
(23.05%), ash (9.13%), moisture (5.57%) and low amount of crude fat (2.81%).
Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn and Cu were the detectable mineral elements in
the P. thoningii leaves. Ca and Pb had the highest (1740 mg/100 g) and
lowest (0.4 mg/100 g) values, respectively. The plant leaves were also found
to contain vitamin C (17.80 mg/100 g), vitamin E (3.29 mg/100 g) and beta carotene
(12.5 mg/100 g). The results of the antimicrobial screening of the aqueous and
ethanolic extracts of the leaves against eight human pathogenic microbes, five
bacteria and three fungi showed that at 25 mg mL-1 concentration,
both extracts exhibited potency range of 30.43 to 45.28% relative to a reference
antibiotic (tetracycline). The ethanolic extract showed higher antimicrobial
activities at all concentrations as compared to the aqueous extract. Results
from the study have shown that Piliostigma thonningii leaves are a good
source of some minerals, antioxidant-vitamins and efficient source of energy
(energy value = 404.05 kcal/100 g).
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How to cite this article:
O.M. Ighodaro, S.O. Agunbiade, J.O Omole and O.A. Kuti, 2012. Evaluation of the Chemical, Nutritional, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant-vitamin Profiles of Piliostigma thonningii Leaves (Nigerian Species). Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6: 537-543.
DOI: 10.17311/rjmp.2012.537.543
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=rjmp.2012.537.543
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