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International Journal of Pharmacology

Year: 2015 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 5 | Page No.: 484-489
Research Article

Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Leaf Alleviates Postprandial Hyperglycaemia by Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase

Mutiu Idowu Kazeem
Food Security Niche Area, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangos Uthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, Durban, 4026, South Africa
Ademola Olabode Ayeleso
Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
Emmanuel Mukwevho
Department of Biochemistry, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease which is characterized by high blood glucose. This study was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycaemic potential of Olax subscorpioidea leaf. This was done by assessing the in vitro inhibitory effect of different extracts (acetone, ethylacetate and hexane) of the plant on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Based on this, hexane extract of O. subscorpioidea leaf was orally administered to starch-loaded rats and the blood glucose levels of the rats were monitored for 2 h. The results showed that hexane extract of O. subscorpioidea leaf displayed the best inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50: 0.72 mg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.10 mg mL-1). Lineweaver-Burk plot of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by this extract showed that it is competitive and non-competitive mode, respectively. Administration of hexane extract of O. subscorpioidea leaf to starch-loaded rats produced significant reduction (p<0.05) in the blood glucose level of the animals compared to the control. Phytochemical screening also revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and tannins in the hexane extract. Therefore, it can be concluded that O. subscorpioidea leaf possesses hypoglycaemic potential which may be due to the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase.
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