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Asian Journal of Poultry Science

Year: 2018 | Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 14-24
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Authors

Mammo M. Erdaw

Mammo M. Erdaw

Wude Ts. Beyene

Keywords

Review Article

Anti-nutrients Reduce Poultry Productivity: Influence of Trypsin Inhibitors on Pancreas

Mammo M. Erdaw Mammo M. Erdaw's LiveDNA and Wude Ts. Beyene
Foods of animal-products for the consumers have recently and mainly been from the non-ruminant animals (poultry). However, presence of anti-nutrients, in feeds is one of the constraints that impairing them from further productiveness. The study aimed to disclose both of the adverse effects of anti-nutrients and suggested solutions. Related findings of this topic were scientifically reviewed and summarized to being publicized. This review revealed that there are a range of anti-nutrients that are synthesized by plants as part of protections or as means to survive. Anti-nutrients that interfere with normal animals’ physiological activities could have anti-nutritional effects. Trypsin Inhibitor (TI) is one of the anti-nutrients and is almost nil in cereal grains; whereas highly concentrated in legumes, mainly in soybean grains (2-6 mg g–1). Kunitz-trypsin-inhibitors (KTI) and Bowman-Birk Inhibitors (BBI) are abundant of TI, containing 181 and 71 AA, respectively. The KTI and BBI contained 1.4 and 1.6 g kg–1 of seed, respectively. Although, TI in the diets of chicks, rats and mice caused for pancreatic hypertrophy and increased secretions, others including pigs, dogs or pre-ruminant calves were not experiencing these symptoms. A human endogenous-trypsin enzyme has also more resistance to TI as compared to other mammals. Although most anti-nutrients are suggested to be inactivated by heat treatments, over or under-heating affects those other important nutrients. The BBI, as part of TI always exhibits considerable resistance to heating. Other anti-nutrients, for example phytate is totally heat-stable. As TI contributes a major-proportion of sulfur-containing amino-acids (AA), soybean breeding for a low TI has limited application. When commercial soybean meal was replaced by raw soybeans (0-90 g kg–1 diet), the weights of pancreas and duodenum were proportionally increased by 67 and 21%, respectively. The TI in diets of poultry affects the pancreas, but TI could be reduced by either optimum heating or enzyme supplementations.
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