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Journal of Medical Sciences

Year: 2013 | Volume: 13 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 50-55
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Research Article

Results of Blood Cells Counting, Fasting Blood Suture, Rheumatoid Factor, C Reactive Protein, Antinuclear Antibodies and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Alopecia Areata

H.H. Qadim, J. Majidi, M.S. Navasi, R. Fadaei and M. Goldust

ABSTRACT

Alopecia Areata (AA) is a disease with local hair loss that may be associated with other autoimmune diseases including thyroid dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematous, etc. This study aimed at evaluating the results of some serum laboratory tests related to autoimmune disorders in patients with AA. In a descriptive-analytical study, 58 patients with AA were evaluated in Tabriz Sina Hospital during a 36-month period. Serum laboratory results (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count, C-reactive protein, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar), thyroid tests (TSH, free T4 and T3), as well as serum antinuclear antibody (ANA) and rheumatoid factor were measured. Thirty three males and twenty five females with the mean age of 30.1±13.4 years were enrolled. Previous history of vitiligo and atopy was positive in 1.7 and 10.3% of the studied population, respectively. Laboratory findings indicative of thyroid dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, anemia, positive ANA and positive rheumatoid factor were detected in 8.6, 6.9, 8.6, 22.4 and 15.5% of the patients, respectively. Comparing with normal population, some underlying autoimmune disorders may be present in patients with AA, especially thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, screening tests might be simple and beneficial.
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Received: January 28, 2013;   Accepted: March 19, 2013;   Published: May 06, 2013

How to cite this article

H.H. Qadim, J. Majidi, M.S. Navasi, R. Fadaei and M. Goldust, 2013. Results of Blood Cells Counting, Fasting Blood Suture, Rheumatoid Factor, C Reactive Protein, Antinuclear Antibodies and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Alopecia Areata. Journal of Medical Sciences, 13: 50-55.

DOI: 10.3923/jms.2013.50.55

URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jms.2013.50.55

INTRODUCTION

Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition characterized by the rapid onset of hair loss in a sharply defined area (Finner, 2011; Goldust and Rezaee, 2013; Lotti et al., 2013). Any hair-bearing surface can be affected, but the most noticeable surface is the scalp (Goldust et al., 2013a, b; Mohebbipour et al., 2012). The reason alopecia areata occurs is not completely known. In some cases it is associated with other diseases, but most of the time it is not (Goldust et al., 2013c, d; Olszewska et al., 2010). Research is ongoing to determine the best treatment for this sometimes-striking disease (Sadighi et al., 2011; Singh and Lavanya, 2010; Vafaee et al., 2012). There are several different hypotheses as to what causes alopecia areata (Alkhalifah et al., 2010; Goldust et al., 2012; Milan et al., 2011). Genetic factors seem to play an important role since there is a higher frequency of a family history of alopecia areata in people who are affected (Alkhalifah et al., 2010; Golfurushan et al., 2011; Megiorni et al., 2011). Alopecia areata appears to also have an autoimmune factor causing the patient to develop antibodies to different hair follicle structures (Fardiazar et al., 2012; Goldust et al., 2011; Sadeghpour et al., 2011). Certain chemicals that are a part of the immune system called cytokines may play a role in alopecia areata by inhibiting hair follicle growth (Ahmed et al., 2010; Nikanfar et al., 2012; Sadeghpour et al., 2012). Some studies show that emotional stress may also cause alopecia areata (Francis and Orlow, 2009; Ganjpour Sales et al., 2012; Vahedi et al., 2012). Considering that human hair has an important communicative role and alopecia areata is often seen in youths, the disease may lead to a main mental stress (Karzar et al., 2012; Seyyednejad et al., 2012; Shakeri et al., 2013). Therefore, finding appropriate methods and treatments to overcome this stressful condition is of high importance. This goal will be achieved when background causes of the disease is known (Farhoudi et al., 2012; Nourizadeh et al., 2013; Salehi et al., 2013a). Although different pathological reasons have been introduced in this regard, exact determining of the background cause is difficult (Cetin et al., 2009; Rulon et al., 2009; Salehi et al., 2013b).

In fact, these problems root in variable extent of disease and its heterogeneous and ill-defined nature (Chiarini et al., 2008; Fardiazar et al., 2013; Ganjpour Sales et al., 2013). Several researches have studied the relationship between alopecia areata and diseases and self-immunity conditions (Dall’Oglio et al., 2005; Shohat, et al. 2005; Soleimanpour et al., 2013). Thyroid gland dysfunctions are of these cases but it seems that there are geographical differences in this regard (Daghigh et al., 2013; Nemati et al., 2013; Salehi et al., 2013c). Accordingly, screening patients suffering from alopecia areata considering self-immunity diseases and thyroid dysfunctions may be important in better patients’ management and helpful in etiological studies (Qadim et al., 2013; Seyrafi et al., 2005; Sheehan and Islam 2009). This was neglected in East Azerbaijan. The present research aims at studying of results of the normal serum tests and thyroid tests in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this descriptive-analytical study, we studied 58 patients with alopecia areata from April 2009 to April 2012 in skin clinic of Sina Educational Center of Tabriz. All these patients had alopecia areata for at least 6 months before visiting our department for treatment. These patients had reported no effect from other therapeutic methods or they had no treatment history for more than 6 months before visiting our clinic. All patients were evaluated dermatologist (GC). All diagnoses were made by history and physical examination. Particulars of the referred patients including age, gender, disease duration, lesion position, disease relapse record, vitiligo and atopy records were registered. Serum tests including TSH, serum free T3 and T4 level, CRP, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC counting, WBC counting, platelet counting, ESR, fasting blood glucose, ANA and RF conducted at the same center were registered. Importance of examinations and tests were described for all patients and written consent was obtained from all the patients. The patients were referred to the related specialist for further examinations when a slight change was observed in the tests. SPSSTM, version 16 is the used statistical software program. The results were expressed as Means±Standard deviation. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at a value of p<0.05.

RESULTS

A total of 68 patients were studied, 10 patients (7 men and 3 women) were not able to continue the study and were therefore excluded from the study. The remaining 58 patients consisted of 33 males (56.9%) and 25 females (43.1%). Their ages ranged from 12 to 62 years (mean age 30.1±13.4). General data of the studied subjects are summarized in Table 1. Vitiligo was positive in 1.7% of the patients that in 1 (3%) of the males and none of the females it was stated. Atopy was observed in 6 (10.3%) of the patients that was positive in 3 (12%) of the females and 3 (9.1%) of the males. Relapse was stated in 23 (39.7%) of the patients that was positive in 17 (51.5%) of the male and 6(24%) of the females (Table 1).

Table 1: Particulars of patients with alopecia areata considering gender
Image for - Results of Blood Cells Counting, Fasting Blood Suture, Rheumatoid Factor, C Reactive Protein, Antinuclear Antibodies and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Alopecia Areata

Table 2: Results of test in patients with alopecia areata
Image for - Results of Blood Cells Counting, Fasting Blood Suture, Rheumatoid Factor, C Reactive Protein, Antinuclear Antibodies and Thyroid Function Tests in Patients with Alopecia Areata

Also, results of laboratory serum results of these patients are summarized in Table 2. The 8.6% of cases suffered from laboratory thyroid dysfunctions, 3.4% of patients (all female) had laboratory hyperthyroid, 5.2% of cases (all male) suffered from laboratory hyperthyroid and 6.9% had high levels of blood glucose. RBC, WBC and serum platelet counting were normal in all cases. None of the patients suffered clinically from problems including hypothyroid or hyperthyroid and other complications in this regard (Table 2).

DISCUSSION

In this study, we considered results of serum laboratory tests in patients suffering from alopecia areata. Accordingly, 8.6% of the cases suffered from laboratory thyroid dysfunction (3.4% of cases with hyperthyroid and 5.2% of cases with hypothyroid). The study conducted by Kasumagic-Halilovic and Prohic (2008) on seventy patients with alopecia areata, 11.4% of cases suffered from thyroid dysfunctions (Kasumagic-Halilovic and Prohic, 2008; Sharma et al., 1996). Revealed that thyroid dysfunction frequency in patients suffering from alopecia areata varied from 8 to 28% (Sharma et al., 1996). Ansar (2003) evaluated 200 patients with alopecia areata. In their study, 8.77% of patients suffered from thyroid dysfunction all in form of hypothyroid. In another study, Seyrafi et al. (2005) studied 123 patients with alopecia areata in Tehran. The study revealed that 8.9% of patients suffered from thyroid dysfunction (Seyrafi et al., 2005). As observed, results of different studies vary in this regard. Frequency of thyroid laboratory dysfunction in the present study is similar to other results reported from Iran. Difference observed in definition of thyroid dysfunction and type of the evaluations may be one of the reasons for varied results. In a western study, prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in society has been reported about 2% (1% hypothyroid and 1% hyperthyroid) (Brounwald, 2005). Therefore, observing thyroid dysfunctions in 8.6% patients with alopecia areata is of high importance. Lack of complication or special sign and symptom related to thyroid dysfunction in these subjects was a side interesting finding in this regard. Grandolfo et al. (2008) in their study on 63 patients with alopecia areata suggested that autoantibody related to thyroid dysfunction in 44% of the subjects can be registered while all cases lacked clinical symptoms. This study suggests that alopecia areata should be regarded as organ-proof of other self-immunity diseases including alopecia areata (Grandolfo et al., 2008). Alopecia areata should be regarded as a criterion to further evaluations considering self-immunity diseases specially thyroid dysfunctions (Razi et al., 2013; Salehi et al., 2013d; Yousefi et al., 2013). The outcomes resulted from our study confirms the statement. In our study, laboratory symptoms indicating diabetes mellitus and positive ANA was, respectively observed in 6.9 and 22.4% of patients. Also, there was vitiligo and atopy records in 1.7 and 10.3% of cases, respectively. Kakourou et al. (2007) evaluated 157 patients with alopecia areata. In this study, 3.2% of patients suffered from self-immunity diseases and 11.4% of them had positive records of atopy (Kakourou et al., 2007). In the study conducted by Kasumagic-Halilovic and Prohic (2008) all fifty patients suffering from alopecia areata had positive records of atopy. In their study on 808 patients, Sharma et al. (1996) reported positive record of atopy, vitiligo and mellitus diabetes respectively in 18, 1.8 and 0.4% of cases (Kakourou et al., 2007; Sukhjot et al., 2002). As observed, results of different studies and also our study are almost the same and indicate possible relation between self-immunity conditions and alopecia areata (Azimi et al., 2013; Nejad et al., 2013; Golforoushan et al., 2013).

CONCLUSION

Results of the recent study demonstrate that evidences of other diseases specially self-immunity ones may be observed in patients suffering from alopecia areata. Therefore, above-mentioned evaluations are recommended for all patients. Also, it is suggested to conduct more controlled studies with high density sample as well as control group.

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