ABSTRACT
There was limited information on the analysis of differential equations of fractional order. Therefore, study on fractional differential equations is essential to understand the solution behavior of many applications in sciences. In this study, initial value problems are discussed for the fractional differential equations and various criteria on existence and uniqueness are obtained.
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DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.2132.2135
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jas.2010.2132.2135
INTRODUCTION
Fractional differential equations have been of great interest recently. In cause, in part to both the intensive development of the theory of fractional calculus itself and the applications of such constructions in various sciences such as physics, chemistry, mechanics engineering, etc. For more details one can see from Hadid et al. (1996a), Diethelm and Ford (2002), Kilbas et al. (2006), Rabha and Momani (2007), Lin (2007), Kosmatov (2009) and Lakshmikantham and Vatsala (2008).
This study is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of solutions for initial value problems of fractional order of the form:
(1) |
with conditions:
(2) |
Here, zεRn, tεI⊆R, t0 εI⊆R, z0, z1, ..., zm-1εRn and h is a function from IxRnm to Rn
Upon substituting:
(3) |
and
(4) |
System (1)-(2) amounts to the system:
(5) |
with the condition:
(6) |
where,
(7) |
and In is the identity matrix.
System Eq. 5 and 6 has the form:
(8) |
with the condition:
(9) |
The following existence and uniqueness theorems for system Eq. 8 and 9 were proved by Hadid (1995) and Hadid et al. (1996b).
Theorem 1 (Hadid, 1995): If (t, x) is continuous in a closed and bounded rectangular box:
Then there exists at least one solution x(t) of Eq. 8-9 on 0<t0<t≤t0+β for some β>0.
Theorem 2 (Hadid et al., 1996b): The initial value problem Eq. 8-9 has a unique solution defined on the interval 0<t0<t≤t0+a if the function f(t, x) is continuous and bounded in the strip:
And satisfies in this strip the Lipschitz condition:
for some positive constant L.
The above theorems will be used to investigate the results.
MAIN RESULTS
In this section we give existence and uniqueness results for the IVP (Eq. 1 and 2).
Theorem 3: If h(t, Y) is continuous in a closed and bounded rectangular box:
where,
and
Then there exists at least one solution z(t) of (1)-(2) on 0<t0<t≤t0 +βfor some β>0
Proof: By the substitution Eq. 3 and 4, system Eq. 1 and 2 is converted into system Eq. 5 and 6 which has the form of system Eq. 8 and 9. Now using Theorem 1 with:
Due to the continuity of the function h(t, Y) in D, the function f is continuous in D. By Theorem 1 system (5)-(6) has at least one solution Y(t) on 0<t0<t≤t0+B for some β>0 So system (1)-(2) has at least one solution z(t) on 0<t0 <t≤t0 +β for some β>0.
Theorem 4: If the function h(t,Y) is continuous and bounded in the strip:
where,
and
and satisfies in this strip the Lipschitz condition:
for some positive constant L. Then the initial value problem (1)-(2) has a unique solution z(t) defined on the interval 0<t0<t≤t0+a
Proof: Upon substituting Eq. 3 and 4, system Eq. 1 and 2 amounts to system Eq. 5 and 6. Common practice involves the function:
Since h is continuous and bounded in the strip 0<t0<t≤t0+a, ||Y||<∞ the function f satisfies in this strip:
for some positive number L. From Theorem 2, system Eq. 5 and 6 has a unique solution Y(t) on the interval 0<t0<t≤t0+a and so system Eq. 1 and 2 has a unique solution z(t) on this interval.
Theorem 5: If A0(t), A1(t), ..., Am-1 (t) are continuous and bounded nxn matrix functions on some interval 0<t0<t≤t0+a and g(t) is a continuous and bounded vector function on some interval, then the linear fractional differential equation:
(10) |
(11) |
has a unique solution z(t) on the interval 0<t0<t≤t0+a
Proof: By the substitutions Eq. 3 and 4, system Eq. 1 and 2 can be written in the form:
with the condition:
where,
Let
From the definition of the function h it seems clear that:
The desired result now follows from Theorem 2.
REFERENCES
- Diethelm, K. and N. Ford, 2002. Analysis of fractional differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 265: 229-248.
CrossRef - Kilbas, A.A., H.M. Srivastava and J.J. Trujillo, 2006. Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential Equations. 1st Edn., Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, USA, ISBN: 9780444518323, Pages: 540.
Direct Link - Kosmatov, N., 2009. Integral equations and initial value problems for nonlinear differential equations of fractional order. Nonlinear Anal., 70: 2521-2529.
CrossRef - Lakshmikantham, V. and A.S. Vatsala, 2008. Basic theory of fractional differential equations. Nonlinear Anal., 69: 2677-2682.
CrossRef - Lin, W., 2007. Global existence theory and chaos control of fractional differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 332: 709-726.
CrossRef - Rabha, W.I. and S. Momani, 2007. On the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a class of fractional differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl., 334: 1-10.
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