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Journal of Medical Sciences

Year: 2014 | Volume: 14 | Issue: 2 | Page No.: 51-59
Research Article

Phytochemical, Toxicity, Antimicrobial and antioxidant Screening of Extracts Obtained from Laportea aestuans (Gaud)

Ganiyat K. Oloyede
Natural Products/Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Olukoyejo E. Ayanbadejo
Natural Products/Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Phytochemicals responsible for toxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from Laportea aestuans (Gaud) were investigated. Secondary metabolites detected were alkaloids, tannins, resins, saponins and carbohydrate. Flavonoids, sterols, cardiac glycosides, phenols, glycosides were however beyond detectable limit. Brine shrimp lethality test on the partition fractions revealed that hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were toxic with a lethal dose (LC50) less than 1000 μ mL-1 while the crude methanol extract with LC50 greater than 1000 μ mL-1 was non-toxic. The antimicrobial assay of the crude extract and their fractions were carried out by agar well diffusion and pour plate methods against 6 bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiellae pneumonae, Salmonella typhi) and 4 fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolon, Penicillum notatum). All the extracts had broad spectrum antimicrobial effect at the various concentrations when compared with gentamicin and tioconazole (antibacterial and antifungal standards respectively). The antioxidant activity of L. aestuans was determined by three methods; scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging effect and ferric thiocynate methods and it was revealed the fractions possessed significant antioxidant activity when compared with antioxidant standards butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA), ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol used in the assay.
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