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Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

Year: 2014 | Volume: 7 | Issue: 1 | Page No.: 1-15
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Authors

Mahino Fatima

Nazura Usmani

M. Mobarak Hossain

Keywords

Research Article

Heavy Metal in Aquatic Ecosystem Emphasizing its Effect on Tissue Bioaccumulation and Histopathology: A Review

Mahino Fatima, Nazura Usmani and M. Mobarak Hossain
From several decades environmental pollution is considered as a major global problem for both human and animals. The industrial effluents are the major source of pollution that are discharged into the water bodies posing serious threat to the aquatic animals like fishes. If the concentration of the metal is not in permissible limit as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) guidelines then these heavy metal accumulate in fishes and may cause serious human health hazard. Among the various toxic pollutants, heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe) and several mixture of these heavy metals have severe action due to their tendency of bioaccumulation in fish tissues. In this review, a wide survey of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissue in relation to its effect on fish histopathology which is a sensitive biomarker of overall fish health and ecology of water bodies, has been studied. Fish being sensitive to xenobiotics can be used as ecological indicator of freshwater pollution and thus this review is useful in biomonitering studies. Also, some recent studies enlightened that fishes that live in polluted water bodies accumulate different concentration of heavy metals and thus is depleting the quality of major protein rich food item that is fish.
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