Abstract: Adenosine Monophosphate activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in cellular metabolism and regulating energy and its γ3 subunit was encoded by the PRKAG3 gene which was regarded as the candidate gene for carcass quality trait in domestic animals and fowls. To understand PRKAG3 gene variation and its association with carcass quality of goat breeds, the polymorphism of goat PRKAG3 gene and its distribution patterns in different goat breeds were investigated. Five goat breeds selected were Anhui white goat, Matou, Boer, Xiangdong and Sanen dairy goat. DNA samples of all goat breeds were extracted from goat ear tissue. The polymorphisms in the 5’ regulatory region and exon 13 of PRKAG3 gene were examined using ApaI, Hpy188I, AciI and ClaI enzyme digestion, respectively and their distribution patterns were analyzed in different goat breeds. The results showed that two mutation loci in the 5’ regulatory region, C-525A and C-225T, located at -525 and -225 bp upstream of the start codon of the PRKAG3 gene and two mutation loci in the exon 13, T90C and C102T, located at 90 bp and 102 bp of the exon 13. The 525CC genotype frequencies of five goat breeds listed above were 0.8000, 0.9681, 0.6042, 0.7557 and 0.8889, respectively, while 225CC genotype frequencies corresponding to 0.7391, 0.9750, 0.8684, 0.9785 and 0.9344. The mutations at T90C and C102T didn’t cause the substitution of corresponding amino acids in the AMPK protein. The muscle fat grade and carcass fat grade are lower in goat breeds with higher 525CC225CC genotype frequency while higher in the breeds with higher 525CA225CT genotype frequency (p<0.05). The results suggest that the lipoidosis ability of goat breeds may be associated with C-525A and C-225T loci of PRKAG3 gene.