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by
G. Ibrahim |
Total Records (
6 ) for
G. Ibrahim |
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A. Garba
,
S.B. Mada
,
G. Ibrahim
,
M.M. Abarshi
,
I.A. Dauran
and
A.B. Hamza
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The hepatoprotective effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Vitex doniana
(EAEVD) stem bark on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage was
studied, to evaluate some biochemical parameters, to determine the in vitro
antioxidant effect of the extract on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT)
glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and to quantify
the levels of some phytochemicals present in EAEVD stem bark. A total of twenty
four Rats were used for the study. Animals in group1 served as vehicle control,
Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (CCL4) treated group, Group 3 served
as positive control (Sylimarin) treated group, Group 4 was administered with
100 (mg kg-1 b.wt.) of the extract and group 5 was administered with
200 (mg kg-1 b.wt.) of the extract After the experimental period
of 14 days. The animals were sacrificed, blood and liver samples were collected
and used for the evaluation of the following biochemical parameters Aspartate
amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase
(ALP) in serum, as well as thiobarbituric acidreactive substances (TBARS), lipidhydroperoxides
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and
glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in the liver. Administration of 100 and 200
mg kg-1 b.wt. (EAEVD) significantly decreased (p<0.05) AST, ALT,
ALP TBARS and lipid hydroperoxides with a significant increase (p<0.05) in
the levels of SOD, CAT, GPX and GST in in group 4 and 5. Twenty five mg kg-1
b.wt. sylimar in was used as standard, The results show that the oral administration
of EAEVD plant prevents the progression of hepatic damage in Ccl4
treated wistar albino rats and suggest that the extract could be effective in
the management of liver problems. |
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Ibrahim H. Mustafa
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G. Ibrahim
,
Ali Elkamel
and
A.H. Elahwany
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Problem Statement: The activated sludge system needs to improve the operational performance and to achieve more effective control. To realize this, a better quantitative understanding of the biofloc characteristics is required. The objectives of this study were to: (i) Study the biofloc characteristics from kinetics-mass transfer interaction point of view by quantification of the weight of the aerobic portion of the activated sludge floc to the total floc weight. (ii) Study the effect of bulk concentrations of oxygen and nitrates, power input and substrates diffusivity on the portion aerobic portion of the floc. Approach: An appropriate mathematical model based on heterogeneous modeling is developed for activated sludge flocs. The model was taking into account three growth processes: Carbon oxidation, nitrification and de-nitrification in terms of four components: substrate, nitrate, ammonia, and oxygen. The model accounts for the internal and external mass transfer limitations and relates the external mass transfer resistance with power input. The floc model equations were two- point boundary value differential equations. Therefore a central finite difference method is employed. Results: The percentage aerobic portion increased with increasing with oxygen bulk concentrations and power input and decreases when the bulk concentration of ammonia and substrate increases. Both will compete to consume the internal oxygen by autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria through aerobic growth processes. The biofloc activity through the profiles was either totally active or partially active. The totally active biofloc is either totally aerobic or aerobic and anoxic together. Conclusions: The heterogeneous floc model was able to describe the biofloc characteristics and reflects the real phenomena existing in the activated sludge processes. |
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Ibrahim H. Mustafa
,
G. Ibrahim
,
Ali Elkamel
and
A.H. Elahwany
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Problem Statement: The activated sludge system is a complex dynamic process and must account for a large number of reactions between large numbers of components. There is necessity for simulation models which describe the dynamic behavior of the activated sludge process. The application of the models in most treatment plants is limited due to lack of appropriate data acquisition and parameters identification studies. To realize this, an improvement of the operating strategies of Waste-Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) is required. The objectives of this study were to: (i) To build a process model considering mass transfer limitations and simulate an existing plant (Helwan WWTP) and validate the results using data from another existing plant with (Zenine WWTP). (ii) To adjust the model kinetic parameters of the biochemical reactions under the effect of mass transfer conditions to be prepared for simulation purposes. (iii) Study the effect of the operating conditions on the removal efficiency of both substrate and ammonia. Approach: A process model of the process was built considering mass transfer limitations and the three growth processes: Carbon oxidation, nitrification and denitrification. Helwan WWTP was used in order to extract the suitable stoichiometric and kinetic parameters to be used for the simulation. Helwan WWTP was used through the simulation results of the substrate (BOD) and ammonia. Egyptian Zenine WWTP was used for the testing and validation of the process model through predicting the response of substrate. Results: The average error of the removal efficiency in Helwan WWTP reached 3.3% for the substrate and 12.5% for the ammonia while the average error of the removal efficiency in Zenine WWTP of substrate reached 4.6%. The effects of recycle ratio, flow rate and influent substrate concentrations on the removal efficiency of the aeration tank were studied. It was found that the removal efficiency of substrate and ammonia was increased by increasing the recycle ratio, influent substrate concentrations and also increased by decreasing influent flow rates. It was found also that the sludge age increased by increasing the recycle ratio and decreased by decreasing the influent flow rates. Conclusion: The heterogeneous process model was able to describe the characteristics and reflects the real phenomena existing in activated sludge processes. |
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A. Garba
,
S.B. Mada
,
G. Ibrahim
,
I.A. Dauran
and
A.B. Hamza
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The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of methanolic extract of Stachytarpheta
angustifolia (MESA) were evaluated in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes
in albino rats. The rats were treated with 1000 and 1300 mg kg-1
b.wt. (mg kg-1 b.wt.) of MESA for 28 days. The changes in body weight
and fasting blood glucose level were measured in 5 days interval. After experimental
period of 28 days, rats were sacrificed by cervical decapitation, blood sample
was collected and the following biochemical parameters plasma glucose, total
hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, Glucose 6 phosphatase (Glc 6-phosphatase),
lipid Peroxides (LPO), triacylglycerols, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol,
were estimated. Administration of MESA to STZ-induced diabetic rats caused a
significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated
hemoglobin, Glc 6-phosphatase, LPO, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol
with a significant increase (p<0.05) in bodyweight, plasma insulin and HDL-cholesterol
level Glibenclamide 600 μg kg-1 b.wt. was used as standard in
this study. These results show that the oral administration of MESA plant prevents
the progression of Diabetes-associated symptoms in STZ induced diabetic albino
rats and suggest that MESA could be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus. |
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K.Y. Musa
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A. Ahmed
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G. Ibrahim
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O.E. Ojonugwa
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M. Bisalla
,
H. Musa
and
U.H. Danmalam
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Toxicity studies on the methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea L. were carried out on mice intraperitoneally. The LD50 was calculated using the methods of Miller and Tainter (LD50, 1853.5 mg kg-1), Reed and Muench (LD50, 1871 mg kg-1) and Karber method (LD50, 1875 mg kg-1) these values placed the plant to be moderately toxic. Histopathological findings revealed that the extract has effect on the kidney, lung and liver in a dose dependent manner. |
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G. Ibrahim
,
S. Abdulmumin
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K.Y. Musa
and
A.H. Yaro
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The anticonvulsant effects of the crude flavonoid fraction
of the stem bark of Ficus sycomorus were studied using the subcutaneous
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and Maximal Electroshock Test (MEST) models in
mice and chicks respectively. The crude flavonoid fraction exhibited a
significant (p<0.05) latency in mean onset and mean time of death of
convulsed animal with a 20% protection at a dose of 10 mg kg-1
body weight i.p. (comparable to Valproic acid at 200 mg kg-1)
while it showed a significant (p<0.05) and dose dependent maximal protection
(83.3%) in the Maximal Electroshock Test (MEST) at an optimal dose of
20 mg kg-1 body weight i.p. (comparable to Phenytoin at 20
mg kg-1). The results obtained supported the claim in the traditional
use of the stem bark of the plant in the management of epilepsy. |
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