Abstract: Biomass feedstock has received great interest to be used as an alternative and renewable source of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass has significant potential to contribute to the biofuel production to decrease green house gas emission and global warming. Researchers with a tremendous enthusiasm have pursued biofuel development using biomass feedstocks over the past decades. Emerging first generation and second generation of biofuels introduced promising renewable energy resources by utilization of sustainable and abundant biomass sources as raw materials. In this study, biomass-based transportation biofuels and biochemical processes for the production of first generation and second generation of biofuels are discussed.