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by
R. Rathore |
Total Records (
5 ) for
R. Rathore |
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M. Habtamu Taddele
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R. Rathore
,
K. Dhama
and
R.K. Agarwal
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the discriminating power of RAPD-PCR and PCR-RFLP to characterize Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) isolates. Fifteen S. gallinarum isolates of poultry origin recovered from various sources in different regions of India including three reference strains were characterized using RAPD-PCR and PCR-RFLP. RAPD-PCR, using 5 primers (NSC I, NSC II, NSC III, URP-6 and primer 1290), grouped S. gallinarum isolates into 4-6 RAPD types. The discrimination power (D) of NSC II, URP-6 and primer 1290 was 0.848, 0.81 and 0.695, respectively and 0.62 for NSC I and NSC III. The phylogenetic dendrogram classified the isolates based on their geographic location. However, most S. gallinarum isolates were clustered closely together. In comparative analysis NSC II primer was placed in a separate cluster. The PCR amplification of the 16s rRNA and fimH genes produced approximately 572 bp and 1008 bp product, respectively, for all S. gallinarum isolates. Restriction Endonuclease (RE) enzymes viz., EcoRI, SmaI, AluI, BgiII, MspI and HaeIII and SalI, AluI, MspI and HaeIII were used to digest PCR products of 16s rRNA and fimH genes, respectively. These restriction enzymes generated 2-4 bands of varying molecular size ranging from 40 to 410 bp and 50 to 620 bp for 16s rRNA and fimH genes, respectively. AluI targeted against the fimH gene was the only enzyme which classified S. gallinarum isolates into three groups. In conclusion, the RAPD-PCR profile proved to be used as an epidemiological typing tool since it classified the S. gallinarum isolates according to their geographic origin. |
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M.H. Taddele
,
R. Rathore
and
K. Dhama
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The study was conducted from November 2008 to May 2009 to assess the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of 22 Salmonella isolates viz., 15 Salmonella Gallinarum strains recovered from various sources of different regions of India including 3 reference strains and 5 other Salmonella enterica serovars (7 isolates) by testing with 16 different antimicrobials. All the isolates including the standard reference Salmonella strains were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test using 16 different antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion method. All the Salmonella Gallinarum isolates showed resistance to erythromycin and 86.7% of them were resistant to nalidixic acid. More than 53% of the Gallinarum isolates were either 100% resistant or less sensitive to the commonly used antimicrobials, kanamycin and tetracycline whereas about 93.3% of them were sensitive to gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, colistin and sulfa-trimethoprim was around 88.8 and 82% of the isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Among other serotypes included in the study S. typhimurium showed maximum resistance against 6 antimicrobials followed by S. kastrup which was resistant to 5 antimicrobials. S. typhimurium was 100% sensitive only to ciprofloxacin. In overall, out of a total of 22 isolates tested for different antimicrobials 4/22 (18.2%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and the remaining 81.8% were resistant to at least two or more antimicrobials, supporting the fact for the emergence and widespread presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella species and the importance of the implementation of suitable measures to avoid indiscriminate use of antibiotics in food animals. |
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K. Karthik
,
R. Rathore
,
P. Thomas
,
A. Elamurugan
,
T.R. Arun
and
K. Dhama
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Brucella abortus, one of the major pathogen causing abortions in cattle
worldwide and a zoonotic agent, need to be detected earlier in order to prevent
its spread among animals. The present study aimed at to know the prevalence
of B. abortus in cattle population of three states (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
and Tamil Nadu) of India by serological (Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Serum
Tube Agglutination Test (STAT)) and molecular (polymerase chain reaction) detection
in sera samples and whole blood (n = 370), respectively. Out of a total of 370
sera samples, 61 (16.49%) were positive by RBPT and 59 (15.94%) by STAT. Screening
of the whole blood samples by genus specific bcsp31 gene based PCR as
well as species specific IS711 gene based PCR revealed that 56 (15.13%)
samples were positive for brucellosis. None of the serologically negative sample
showed positivity by PCR; however few positive samples were tested negative
by PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR compared with RBPT was 100 and 92.4%
while with STAT these were 100 and 95.16%, respectively. Results are promising
that whole blood can be used for studying the molecular epidemiology of B.
abortus in cattle and particularly detecting the active phase of infection
and PCR can be well adopted as a valuable test for mass screening of animals
for this purpose. The present study adds to the prevalence data available regarding
to B. abortus infection in cattle population and highlights the usefulness
and advantages of molecular tool of PCR over serological tests. |
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R. Rathore
,
A. Rahal
,
R. Mandil
and
A. Prakash
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Mimosa pudica is an indigenous antifertility herb. Its use has been
advocated against urinary complaints, hypertension, pain relief and menorrhagia
but the use has not been scientifically validated till date. Present study was
undertaken to delineate the molecular mechanism of tocolytic activity of Hot
Methanolic Extract of Mimosa pudica Seeds (HMEMPS) on isolated uterine
strips of pregnant buffaloes. Myometrial strips were prepared, mounted in an
organ bath containing Ringer Lock’s
solution maintained at 37°C and responses recorded using a physiograph in
the presence and absence of different antagonists. M. pudica seeds extract
produced concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on buffalo myometrium with
an EC50 value of 222.4 μg mL-1 perhaps through inhibitory
β receptors. Following propranolol (10-6 M) pretreatment, there
was an apparent and marked increase in amplitude of spikes of normal spontaneity.
An apparent increase in amplitude of spikes upto 1000 μg mL-1
followed by a decrease with further increase in concentration of HMEMPS was
also recorded. Verapamil (10-12 M), a Ca+2-channel blocker,
apparently could not significantly alter the HMEMPS-induced inhibiton on buffalo
myometrium. Calcium channels did not seem to regulate tocolytic effect of Mimosa
pudica seeds extract. Further studies are indicated to explore the involvement
of Ca2+ and K+ channels, NO and other signaling mechanisms
including second messengers. |
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R. Rathore
,
A. Rahal
and
R. Mandil
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Ethnoveterinary practices hold a promising scientific resource and can have
far-reaching implications on economic development and enhancement of veterinary
health care system. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the oxytocic/tocolytic
activities of Cimicifuga racemosa (C. racemosa) roots extracts
on isolated uterine strips of pregnant buffalo. Hot methanolic extraction of
authenticated roots of C. racemosa was done using soxhlet extractor.
Hot methanolic extract of C. racemosa roots was found to exert a myometrial
relaxant effect which was potentiated after inhibition of excitatory muscarinic,
alpha and beta adrenergic, H1-histaminergic and 5-HT receptors. Further
studies are required on mechanistic aspects of tocolytic effect of C. racemosa
particularly to elucidate the involvement of Ca2+ and K+
channels, NO and other signaling mechanisms including second messengers. |
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