Abstract: Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) also known as seabuckthorn, is a thorny, deciduous, temperate bush plant native to European and Asian countries. In India, it is widely distributed at high altitude, cold arid condition of Ladakh (Leh and Kargil), Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. H. rhamnoides has been used for the treatment of several diseases in traditional medicine in various countries throughout world. In Ladakh, the Sowa Rigpa system (Amchi System of medicine) has been using the plant parts in different herbal formulations. However, more scientific data is needed to support the various health claims. The various in vivo study of seabuckthorn oil reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer properties and hepatoprotective. Seabuckthorn oil is a unique source of high valued oils emphasizing its potential as a dietary and medicinal supplement and has become noted for its generally high levels of nutritionally and medicinally important components. The major unsaturated fatty acids were linolenic acid (omega-3) (20-23%), linoleic acid (omega-6) (40-43%), oleic acid (omega-9) (19-22%) and palmitoleic acid (1-3%) while the major saturated fatty acid contents were palmitic acid (7-9%), stearic acid (3-4%) in seed oil. Seabuckthorn pulp oil contains approximately 65% combined of the monounsaturated fatty acid and the saturated fatty acid. Both the seed and pulp oils are rich in Vitamin-E and β-Sitosterol. In addition, the pulp oil contains especially high levels of carotenoids. This ancient plant with its powerful and healing synergies has much to contribute to the livelihoods of high mountain people by utilizing this kind of hidden treasure of the Himalayas. In this review discusses on traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacological data of the seabuckthorn oil.