Abstract: Background and Objective: Water as a universal solvent plays important metabolic roles hence its quality is critical to overall animal physiology. This study assessed the potential hydrogen, pH, temperature, chloride (Cl), phosphate (PO43–) and sulphate (SO42–) values of three-point samples from waterside river, Ogbor hill Aba (WRO) and the effect of the samples on rats’ kidney histo-architecture and some seric bio-functional indicators. Methodology: Sample collection, quality analysis and animal study were carried out using standard protocols. All numeric data collected were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. Results: As compared among the samples, the respective pH was not different (p>0.05) but lower (p<0.05) than, while the respective temperature (either air or surface) was not different (p>0.05) but within the recommended standard value range. However, the chloride and sulphate compositions of the samples were lower (p<0.05) while the phosphate composition of the upstream and downstream was higher (p<0.05), than the recommended standard. The serum urea, creatinine and potassium concentration and the calculated potassium: Sodium ratio of rats exposed to the various WRO samples were higher (p<0.05), whereas that of sodium concentration was lower (p<0.05), than those of the corresponding control. Kidneys sections collected from rats in all the groups showed normal renal histo-architecture with normal Glomeruli, G. Conclusion: Thus, the determined quality indicators suggested inherent acidic property hence compromised quality of the WRO samples, whereas, the WRO samples probably affected the rats’ serum functional indicators of the kidney without affecting their renal histo-architecture. The dose and duration effects of WRO samples were not explored hence further studies and urgent interim intervention measures are warranted and recommended as significant changes in organ histo-architecture are dose and duration-dependent.