Abstract: Inflammatory cytokines and their receptors are distributed in various brain regions and influence neural development as well as synaptic transmission and behavioral traits. The present study was conducted on 21 autistic children and 21 matched healthy children as control. There was no significant change in the plasma levels of plasma PUFAs except for ω3 when autistic patients compared to the controls (p>0.05). No statistical difference in the total (n-6) PUFA levels was observed between the autistic and the control groups. The major variations observed in PUFA levels between the two groups of subjects involved the (n-3) PUFA series. There was a significant reduction level (n-3) PUFA in autistic children. The total ratio of ω6/ω3 was statistically significant between the autistic group and the control group. Significant higher levels of both IL-1B and IL-6 were observed in autistic patients as compared to the control. A significant increase in IL-1b and IL-6 in autistic group coincides with a significant reduction in the level of ω3 and slight reduction in ω6 as well as significant higher level of ω6/ω3 PUFA ratio. We report the results of a case-control study of measured cytokine levels from children with autism and controls. Compared to controls, the cases had evidence of an activated adaptive immune response, predominantly IL-1b and IL-6.