Abstract: Insects represent a major group of vectors of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). This study aimed at identifying the main entomofauna transmitting RYMV to rice crop in Benin. Therefore, the transmission ability of 13 insect species was tested during the rice vegetative stages. These species belong to the Orthoptera order (Oxya hyla, Conocephalus longipennis, Paracinema tricolor, Acrida bicolor and Stenohippus aequus), the Coleoptera order (Chnootriba similis, Aulacophora foveicollis and Xanthadalia effusa), the Homoptera order (Cofana spectra, Nephotettix modulatus, Cofana unimaculata and Poophilis costalis) and the Diptera order (Diopsis thoracica). Among them, four species including P. tricolor, S. aequus, N. modulatus and P. costalis were identified for the first time as RYMV vectors. The species belonging to the Homoptera order appeared to be the most virulent, with higher values of viral titer. Virus distribution in the vector body parts was specific to each order. Basically, virus was more important in the Orthopteran, Coleopteran and Homopteran insects head part. It was also evident in the abdomen part of the Homopteran and the Orthopteran especially for P. tricolor, C. spectra and P. costalis. Disease severity was only observed in C. similis after inoculation and persisted until rice maturity with a score of 5 compared to the control which was 1 from a 1 to 9 scale. This study allowed identifying the presence of RYMV insect vectors in Benin among which, four are reported for the first time in Africa.