Abstract: The antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of Elephantopus scaber (Linn) root and leaf was evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Oral administration of Elephantopus scaber root and leaf extracts (0.3 g kg-1 body weight) for 12 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the glucose levels. The effect of these extracts on triglycerides, HDL, cholesterol, serum urea and creatinine were also assessed to evaluate their activity in controlling diabetes related metabolic alterations. The biochemical estimations were complemented with the immunocytochemical staining to localize pancreatic islets cells secreting insulin. Though treatment with humulin (0.6 g kg-1 body weight) is more effective in normalizing blood glucose levels, regeneration of islet β-cells was mediated only by the extract treatment. The results indicate the effective role of the root and leaf extracts as an hypoglycemic agent against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.