Abstract: This study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of baicalein, extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glomerulonephritis in mice. For this purpose, bacterial LPS (2.5 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days to induce glomerulonephritis; then mice were treated with baicalein (150 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 14 days. In comparison to samples from mice receiving only LPS injection, oral administration of baicalein significantly attenuated the rise of serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, prtoeinuria, kidney wet-to-dry weight ratio as well as renal glomerular cell proliferation induced by LPS. Moreover, treatment with baicalein decreased the urine NOx (nitrite+nitrate) concentration and serum levels of proinflammatory cytokine including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 accompanied by suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in renal tissue relative to LPS-injected alone mice. Similarly, the LPS-induced increase of urine 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, a marker of reactive oxygen species, was also markedly inhibited by baicalein. The present results demonstrate that baicalein possesses antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties that may be of benefit against the deleterious actions of LPS in glomerulonephritis.