Abstract: Present research focused on the economic effect of spray pesticides on cowpea production in Adamawa State. The research used both primary and secondary data, obtained via pre-tested questionnaires by interview method. The study employed descriptive statistics (such as techniques to draw conclusions on the Socio-economic profile of the farmers. Gross margin analysis established the economic effect of pesticides application on cowpea production. Also, ordinary least square regression analysis was adopted to isolate the variables affecting cowpea output in the area. The study revealed that factors dictating the output of cowpea are quantity of seeds sown man-labor supplied and expenditure on insecticides applied in the area. It also confirmed the fact that economic profitability in the production of cowpea is a function of the adoption of spray insecticides application. The study recommended that farmers should embrace the insecticide application since it is accompanied by more economic gains in terms of outputs and cash returns to the farmers and well articulated extension services, of storages, market and loans facilities be provided to the farmers.