Abstract: Diabetes is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. The hyperglycemia is associated with various forms of dyslipidemia, all of which are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that tight glycemic control and administration of cholesterol lowering agents among others are beneficial to diabetic patients. Data are lacking on the impact of treatment on glycemic status and lipid profiles of Nigerian diabetics. We studied the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides in 46 diabetics (on treatment) and ten treatment naive diabetics. Eighty apparently healthy individuals, matched for age, formed the controls. Serum glucose was determined by glucose oxidase kit method, total cholesterol by Trinder’s method, HDL and LDL by quantitative precipitation with phosphotungstate in the presence of Mg2+ ions and triglycerides by enzymatic method. Glucose and total cholesterol levels were 14.5±9.8 and 11.5±3.5 mmol L-1, 214.4±40 and 166.8±36 mg dL-1 for treatment naive and diabetics on treatment, respectively. Both were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the controls. LDL and triglycerides levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetics than in the controls. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean HDL levels between the diabetics and the controls. All the parameters were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the treatment naive diabetics. The results suggest that treatment has profound positive effect on the indices of diabetes and that strict glycemic and lipidemic control have not been achieved in the patients we studied.