Abstract: This study was designed to analyze the association between polymorphisms of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cashmere production traits (fineness, thickness and yield) and body weight. PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformational polymorphism) and DNA sequencing were used to detect polymorphisms of IGF-1 gene in 776 samples of three Xinjiang local goat breeds (Xinjiang, Bogeda Cashmere and Nanjiang Cashmere Goat). The obtained results showed that the frequencies of genotype AA were 0.414, 0.591 and 0.319. Genotype AB were 0.000, 0.126 and 0.029. Genotype BB were 0.586, 0.241 and 0.597 and genotype AC were 0.000, 0.042 and 0.055 for Xinjiang, Bogeda Cashmere and Nanjiang Cashmere Goat breeds, respectively. The mutation was detected at IGF-1-P1 locus, a novel of SNP was revealed in exon 4 (Genebank D26119: c.1617 G >A, c.1620 C>T) and they belong to silent mutation, which was the first reported in international goat. In addition, a novel of SNP at IGF-1-P1 locus is significantly associated with cashmere production traits. In Nanjiang Cashmere Goat population, the cashmere fineness of AA genotype individual was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of AB genotype. The body weight of AC genotype individual was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of BB genotype.