Watchanapong Yupakarn
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Virote Pattarajinda
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Pornchai Lowilai
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
Srisomporn Priprem
Department of Pharmaconogsy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The study considers the effects of the use of Indian mulberry leaves as feed additives on dairy cattle performances. Eight Holstein-Friesian crossbreeds with an average of 475.7 kg/BW were used. The experiment utilized 4 x 4 Replicated Latin Square Design (LSD) that consisted of 4 levels of Indian mulberry leaves additives: 0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 g/kg DM in total mixed ration (TMR) diet based on rice straw was used as the main roughage source. The trial consisted of four periods of 21 days each. The results from this study showed that there was no effect on DMI. However, the digestibility of DM showed significant difference (p<0.05) with increasing levels of Indian mulberry leaves, except in the digestibility of CP, EE, NDF and ADF where there was no significant difference (p<0.05). There were no effects on ruminal pH, total VFA, acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4) and the C2/C3 ratio (p>0.05) (6.8, 100.8, 57.9, 29.1, 13.2 mol/L and 2.0, respectively). Milk production, milk composition, blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen did not show significant difference (p>0.05). However, Indian mulberry leaves at 10 g/kg DM could be used in dairy cattle feeding to improve the digestibility of feed DM and maintaining ruminal pH without affecting ruminal fermentation and milk production.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Watchanapong Yupakarn, Virote Pattarajinda, Pornchai Lowilai and Srisomporn Priprem, 2015. Effects of Using Indian Mulberry Leaves as Feed Additives on Feed Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation and Milk Production in Dairy Cattle. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 14: 620-624.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.620.624
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2015.620.624
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.620.624
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2015.620.624
REFERENCES
- Acamovic, T. and J.D. Brooker, 2005. Biochemistry of plant secondary metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 64: 403-412.
CrossRefDirect Link - Bach, A., S. Calsamiglia and M.D. Stern, 2005. Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci., 88: E9-E21.
CrossRefDirect Link - Beede, D.K. and R.J. Collier, 1986. Potential nutritional strategies for intensively managed cattle during thermal stress. J. Anim. Sci., 62: 543-554.
Direct Link - Busquet, M., S. Calsamiglia, A. Ferret, M.D. Carro and C. Kamel, 2005. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci., 88: 4393-4404.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Castillejos, L., S. Calsamiglia and A. Ferret, 2006. Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 2649-2658.
CrossRefDirect Link - Eastridge, M.L., 2006. Major advances in applied dairy cattle nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 1311-1323.
CrossRefDirect Link - Hemwimon, S., P. Pavasant and A. Shotipruk, 2007. Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidative anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia. Sep. Purif. Technol., 54: 44-50.
CrossRefDirect Link - Honey, J., B. Neha, B. Ranjan, S. Birendra and A. Thakur, 2012. Scientific basis of Noni plant (Morinda citrfolia). Asian J. Res. Pharmaceut. Sci., 2: 45-47.
Direct Link - Kohn, R.A., M.M. Dinneen and E. Russek-Cohen, 2005. Using blood urea nitrogen to predict nitrogen excretion and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs and rats. J. Anim. Sci., 83: 879-889.
PubMedDirect Link - Krause, K.M. and D.K. Combs, 2003. Effects of forage particle size, forage source and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in midlactation cows. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 1382-1397.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kung, Jr., L., K.A. Smith, A.M. Smagala, K.M. Endres, C.A. Bessett, N.K. Ranjit and J. Yaissle, 2003. Effects of 9,10 anthraquinone on ruminal fermentation, total-tract digestion and blood metabolite concentrations in sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 81: 323-328.
PubMedDirect Link - McIntosh, F.M., P. Williams, R. Losa, R.J. Wallace, D. Beever and C.J. Newbold, 2003. Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69: 5011-5014.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Mudron, P., J. Rehage, H.P. Sallmann, M. Holtershinken and H. Scholz, 2005. Stress response in dairy cows related to blood glucose. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 74: 37-42.
Direct Link - Samuel, M., S. Sagathevan, J. Thomas and G. Mathen, 1997. An HPLC method for estimation of volatile fatty acids in ruminal fluid. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 67: 805-807.
Direct Link - Sutton, J.D., M.S. Dhanoa, S.V. Morant, J. France, D.J. Napper and E. Schuller, 2003. Rates of production of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the rumen of lactating dairy cows given normal and low-roughage diets. J. Dairy Sci., 86: 3620-3633.
CrossRefDirect Link - Takashima, J., Y. Ikeda, K. Komiyama, M. Hayashi, A. Kishida and A. Ohsaki, 2007. New constituents from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia. Chem. Pharmaceut. Bull., 55: 343-345.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - van Soest, P.J., 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. 2nd Edn., Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, Pages: 476.
Direct Link - van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson and B.A. Lewis, 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci., 74: 3583-3597.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Wang, M.Y., B.J. West, C.J. Jensen, D. Nowicki, C. Su, A.K. Palu and G. Anderson, 2002. Morinda citrifolia (Noni): A literature review and recent advances in noni research. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 12: 1127-1141.
PubMedDirect Link - Yulistiani, D., Z.A. Jelan, J.B. Liang, H. Yaakub and N. Abdullah, 2015. Effects of supplementation of mulberry (Morus alba) foliage and urea-rice bran as fermentable energy and protein sources in sheep fed urea-treated rice straw based diet. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 28: 494-501.
CrossRefDirect Link