P.N. Okolie
Department of Food Technology, School of Technology, Yaba College of Technology, P.M.B. 2011, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
C.L. Obi
Academic Affairs and Research, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa
P.O. Uaboi-Egbenni
Department of Microbiology, School of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Venda, P.M.B. X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa
ABSTRACT
Husked and dehusked coconut fruits were stored at 10°C and 30°C for three months. The husked coconut fruits stored at both 10°C and 30°C and the dehusked coconut fruits stored at 10°C showed no evidence of microbial spoilage at the end of the three months storage period. However, dehusked coconut fruits stored at 30°C deteriorated. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were the principal fungal agents associated with the spoilage. An investigation of the proximate composition of the dehusked fruits stored at 30°C indicated a marked significant difference in the percentage composition of moisture, protein, ascorbic acid and carbohydrate content of 3.97±0.28, 3.98±0.07, 0.01±0.002 and 9.27±1.02 respectively as against 46.82±0.43, 3.77±0.05, 2.48±0.15 and 11.89±0.22 obtained for dehusked coconut fruits prior to storage. These results suggest that the deterioration in nutritional composition was due to breakdown of protein and carbohydrate by the spoilage fungi. Further tests confirmed the ability of the isolated spoilage fungi to utilize the different carbohydrate and nitrogen sources as source of carbon and energy. Aspergillus flavus showed the ability to grow and utilize more of the various carbohydrate sources than Aspergillus niger, although the latter utilized lactose better. Both fungi showed evidence of growth and complete utilization of nearly all the nitrogen sources, except cysteine and L-glutamine, which could not support the growth Aspergillus niger. Likewise, cysteine and L-glutamine, in addition to D-β-phenylalanine could not support the growth of Aspergillus flavus.
PDF References
How to cite this article
P.N. Okolie, C.L. Obi and P.O. Uaboi-Egbenni, 2011. Fungal Spoilage of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Fruits During Storage and the Growth Differential of Isolates on Selected Amino Acids and Carbohydrates. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10: 965-973.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.965.973
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2011.965.973
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.965.973
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2011.965.973
REFERENCES
- Cheek, C.W. and J.T. Barrett, 1962. Antigenic relationship of Geotrichum candidum strains. Mycopathologia, 17: 47-54.
CrossRef - Becaria, A., A. Campbell and S.C. Bondy, 2002. Aluminum as a toxicant. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 18: 309-320.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gwee, C.N., 1988. New Technologies Open the Passage into New Usage of Coconut Milk Products. In: Food Science and Technology in Industrial Development, Maneepun, S., P. Varangoon and B. Phithakpol, (Eds). Vol. 1, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Bangkok, pp: 157-162Maneepun, S., P. Varangoon and B. Phithakpol, (Eds). Vol. 1, Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Bangkok, pp: 157-162.
- Hargrave, K.M., M.J. Azain and J.L. Miner, 2005. Dietary coconut oil increases conjugated linoleic acid-induced body fat loss in mice independent of essential fatty acid deficiency. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol Lipids, 1737: 52-60.
CrossRef - Hargrave, K.M., C.L. Li, B.J. Meyer, S.D. Kachman and D.L. Hartzell et al., 2002. Adipose depletion and apoptosis induced by trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid in mice. Obes. Res., 10: 1284-1290.
CrossRef - Ip, C., S. Banni, E. Angioni, G. Carta and J. McGinley et al., 1999. Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched butter fat alters mammary gland morphogenesis and reduces cancer risk in rats. J. Nutr., 129: 2135-2142.
Direct Link - Kritchevsky, D., S.A. Tepper, S. Wright and S.K. Czarnecki, 2002. Influence of graded levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Nutr. Res., 22: 1275-1279.
Direct Link - Lee, K.N., D. Kritchevsky and M.W. Pariza, 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis, 108: 19-25.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Jae-Woob, P., R. Migitaa and Q. Gang, 2002. Experiments of a prototype wind-driven reverse osmosis desalination system with feedback control. Desalination, 150: 277-287.
Direct Link - Muller, H., A.S. Lindman, A. Blomfeldt, I. Seljeflot and J.I. Pedersen, 2003. A diet rich in coconut oil reduces diurnal postprandial variations in circulating tissue plasminogen activator antigen and fasting lipoprotein (a) compared with a diet rich in unsaturated fat in women. J. Nutr., 133: 3422-3427.
Direct Link - Munday, J.S., K.A. James, L.M. Fray, S.W. Kirkwood and K.G. Thompson, 1999. Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoproteins against in vitro oxidation. Atherosclerosis, 143: 399-404.
PubMed - Nevin, K.G. and T. Rajamohan, 2004. Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clin. Biochem., 37: 830-835.
PubMed - Nicolosi, R.J, T.A. Wilson, C. Lawton and G.J. Handelman, 2001. Dietary effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors: Beyond saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 20: 421S-427S.
Direct Link - Park, T., J. Oh and K. Lee, 1999. Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation reduces plasma and liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Nutr. Res., 19: 1777-1789.
Direct Link - Prasanna, H.A., R.G. Rao, B.L.M. Desai and S. Chandrasekhara, 1969. Use of spray dried infant food based on coconut for the treatment of protein malnutrition (kwashiorkor). J. Food Sci. Technol., 6: 187-188.
Direct Link - Preuss, H.G., B. Echard, A. Dadgar, N. Talpur and V. Manohar et al., 2005. Effects of essential oils and monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: In vitro and in vivo studies. Toxicol. Mech. Methods, 15: 279-285.
PubMed - Rao, T.S.S., N.M. Kaverappa, R. Hemaprakash, and K.S. Jayarawan, 1990. Development of ready-to-eat traditional Indian sweet dishes based on jaggery and coconut. J. Food Sci. Tech., 27: 355-358.
Direct Link - Rao, T.S.S., N.M. Kaverappa, and K.S. Jayarawan, 1990. Development of shelf stable ready-to-eat Indian sweet meats based on sugar and coconut. J. Food Sci. Tech., 27: 359-361.
Direct Link - Shalini, K.V., S. Manjunatha, P. Lebrum, A. Berger and L. Bandouin et al., 2007. Identification of molecular markers associated with mite resistance in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Genome, 50: 35-42.
PubMed - Stephens, N.G., A. Parsons, P.M. Schofield, F. Kelly, K. Cheeseman and M.J. Mitchinson, 1996. Randomized controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS). Lancet, 347: 781-786.
PubMed
olorundare tosin mercy Reply
it is a nice project,open the literature review and let us see,the content.