Adou Marc
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, University of Abobo-Adjame, UFR/STA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d`Ivoire
Tetchi Fabrice Achille
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, University of Abobo-Adjame, UFR/STA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d`Ivoire
Gbane Mory
National Nutrition Program (NNP) of Cote d`Ivoire, 18 BP 976, Cote d`Ivoire
P.V. Niaba Koffi
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, University of Abobo-Adjame, UFR/STA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d`Ivoire
Amani N`guessan Georges
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, University of Abobo-Adjame, UFR/STA, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Cote d`Ivoire
ABSTRACT
The mineral composition of six (6) samples of cashew apple juice, (Anacardium occidentale L.) from Yamoussoukro (Cote d'Ivoire) was studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mineral profile of the different species of apples grown in this area of Cote d'Ivoire, given the specific soil and climate in the various producing regions. Cashew apples harvested in production area were transported to the laboratory, crushed and the juice collected was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) by the method of Energy Distribution Spectroscopy (EDS) with a resolution of 0.1. The juices contain 10 minerals analyzed with seven (7) macro-minerals and three (3) trace elements. The macro-minerals in order of size K>P>Mg>S>Na>Si>Cl. The values (mg/L) of these items range from 33.7-43.3 for Na; from 152.9-215.1 for Mg; from 16.9-28.8 for Si; 211.3-239.7 for P from 43.5-57.3 for the S, 14.6-28.2 for Cl and from 2043.8-2241.4 for K. As for the three trace elements, their distribution is not uniform in all juice samples analyzed. Thus the Al content of juice samples were: 12.2±2.0 mg/L for YA1 and 12.6±4.7 mg/L for RA2. The Br is present in the sample PR1 up to 22.9±1.3 mg/L and finally the Cu in sample PR2 up 5.1±0.8. In addition, SEM analysis revealed that the minerals are not free in the juices and then ricocheted through the apples, but in the oxidized state with oxide contents above that of minerals.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Adou Marc, Tetchi Fabrice Achille, Gbane Mory, P.V. Niaba Koffi and Amani N`guessan Georges, 2011. Minerals Composition of the Cashew Apple Juice (Anacardium occidentale L.) of Yamoussoukro, Cote D'ivoire. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 10: 1109-1114.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.1109.1114
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2011.1109.1114
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2011.1109.1114
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2011.1109.1114
REFERENCES
- Akinwale, T.O., 2000. Cashew apple juice: Its use in fortifying the nutritional quality of some tropical fruits. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 211: 205-207.
CrossRefDirect Link - Appel, L.J., 1999. Nonpharmacologic therapies that reduce blood pressure: A fresh perspective. Clin. Cadiol., 22: 1-5.
CrossRef - Assuncao, R.B. and A.Z. Mercadante, 2003. Carotenoids and ascorbic acid composition from commercial products of cashew apple (Annacardiumoccidentale L.). J. Food Compos. Anal., 16: 647-657.
CrossRefDirect Link - Azoulay, A., P. Garzon and M.J. Eisenberg, 2001. Comparison of the mineral content of tap water and bottled waters. J. Gen. Inter. Med., 16: 168-175.
CrossRefDirect Link - Black, R.E., S.S. Morris and J. Bryce, 2003. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?. Lancet, 361: 2226-2234.
PubMed - Cowan, J.A., 2002. Structural and catalytic chemistry of magnesium-dependent enzymes. Biometals, 15: 225-235.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Craig, W. and L. Beck, 1999. Phytochemicals: Health protective effects. Can. J. Diet. Pract. Res., 60: 78-84.
PubMed - Drake, S.R. and T.A. Eisele, 1994. Influence of harvest date and controlled atmosphere storage delay on the color and quality of Delicious apples stored in a Purge-type Controlled-atmosphere environment. HortTechnology, 4: 260-263.
Direct Link - Drake, S.R. and T.A. Eisele, 1997. Quality of gala apples as influenced by harvest maturity, storage atmosphere and concomitant storage with bartlett pears. J. Food Qual., 20: 41-51.
CrossRefDirect Link - Drake, S.R. and T.A. Eisele, 1999. Carbohydrate and acid contents of gala apples and bartlett pears from regular and controlled atmosphere storage. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 3181-3184.
PubMed - Drake, S.R., D.C. Elfving and T.A. Eisele, 2002. Harvest maturity and storage affect quality of cripps pink (pink lady) apples. Hortic. Technol., 12: 388-391.
Direct Link - Eisele, T.A. and S.R. Drake, 2005. The partial compositional characteristics of apple juice from 175 apple varieties. J. Food Comp. Anal., 18: 213-221.
CrossRefDirect Link - FAO., 2004. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2004: Monitoring Progress Towards the World Food Summit and Millennium Development Goals. 6th Edn., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, ISBN-13: 9789251051788, Pages: 40.
Direct Link - Franco, M.R.B. and N.S. Janzantti, 2005. Aroma of minor tropical fruits. Flavour Fragr. J., 20: 358-371.
CrossRefDirect Link - Garzon, P. and M.J. Eisenberg, 1998. Variation in the mineral content of commercially available bottled waters: Implications for health and disease. Am. J. Med., 105: 125-130.
PubMed - Garruti, D.S., M.R.B. Franco, M.A.A.P. Silva, N.S. Janzantti and G.L. Alves, 2003. Evaluation of volatile flavor compounds from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice by the Osme gas chromatography/olfactometry technique. J. Sci. Food Agric., 83: 1455-1462.
Direct Link - Goldman, I.L., A.A. Kader and C. Heintz, 1999. Influence of production, handling and storage on phytonutrient content of foods. Nutr. Rev., 57: 46-52.
PubMed - He, F.J. and G.A. MacGregor, 2001. Beneficial effects of potassium. Br. Med. J., 323: 497-501.
CrossRef - Ismail, F., M.R. Anjum, A.N. Mamon and T.G. Kazi, 2011. Trace metal contents of vegetables and fruits of Hyderabad retail market. Pak. J. Nutr., 10: 365-372.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kubo, J., J.R. Lee and I. Kubo, 1999. Anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from the cashew apple. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 533-537.
CrossRefDirect Link - Norziah, M.H. and C.Y. Ching, 2000. Nutritional composition of edible seaweed Gracilaria changgi. Food Chem., 68: 69-76.
CrossRefDirect Link - Pennington, J.A.T., B.E. Young, D.B. Wilson, R.D. Johnson and J.E. Vanderveen, 1986. Mineral content of foods and total diets: The selected minerals in foods survey, 1982-1984. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 86: 876-891.
PubMed - Sagnella, G.A., N.D. Markandu, M.G. Buckley, M.A. Miller, D.R. Singer and G.A. MacGregor, 1989. Hormonal responses to gradual changes in dietary sodium intake in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 256: R1171-R1175.
PubMedDirect Link - Sivagurunathan, P., S. Sivasankari and S.M. Muthukkaruppan, 2010. Characterisation of cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) fruits collected from Ariyalur District. J. Biol. Sci. Res., 2: 101-107.
Direct Link - Soares, F.D., T. Pereira, M.O.M. Marques and A.R. Monteiro, 2007. Volatile and non-volatile chemical composition of the white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) at different stages of maturity. Food Chem., 100: 15-21.
CrossRefDirect Link - Tucker, K.L., M.T. Hannan, H. Chen, L.A. Cupples, P.W. Wilson and D.P. Kiel, 1999. Potassium, magnesium and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69: 727-736.
PubMedDirect Link - Viarengo, A., R. Accomando, I. Ferrando, F. Beltrame, M. Fato and G. Marcenaro, 1996. Heavy metal effects on cytosolic free Ca2+ level in the marine protozoan Euplotes crassus evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C: Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol., 113: 161-168.
CrossRefDirect Link - Vesk, P.A. and W.G. Allaway, 1997. Spatial variation of copper and lead concentrations of water hyacinth plants in a wetland receiving urban run-off. Aquatic Bot., 59: 33-44.
CrossRefDirect Link