God`swill Nduka Anyasor
Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, P.M.B. 21244, Ikeja, Lagos 100 000, Nigeria
Kayode Olusola Ogunwenmo
Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, P.M.B. 21244, Ikeja, Lagos 100 000, Nigeria
Adewale Ayodele Ogunnowo
Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, P.M.B. 21244, Ikeja, Lagos 100 000, Nigeria
Olabisi Alao-Sanni
Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology, Babcock University, P.M.B. 21244, Ikeja, Lagos 100 000, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated and compared in vitro antioxidant activity, phytochemical constituent and proximate analysis of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare to determine their acceptability in folkloric medicine. The total phenolic content of aqueous and methanolic extracts of V. amygdalina (0.822±0.050 and 0.681±0.050 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g respectively) was higher than aqueous and methanolic extract of T. triangulare (0.456±0.040 and 0.288±0.020 mg GAE/g respectively). Furthermore, DPPH scavenging activity of V. amygdalina was significantly higher (p<0.05) than T. triangulare at all levels of concentration (100, 200 and 300 μg/ml). Lipid peroxidation was inhibited by all samples, although there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Aqueous extracts of leaf tested positive to tannin, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. The proximate composition of V. amygdalina leaf showed higher percentage crude fibre, fat, protein and total carbohydrate content than T. triangulare except moisture and ash contents. Methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of V. amygdalina possess higher antioxidant properties, phyto-nutrients and longer shelf life than T. triangulare and hence its pervading use and acceptability in folkloric and trado-medicine.
PDF References
How to cite this article
God`swill Nduka Anyasor, Kayode Olusola Ogunwenmo, Adewale Ayodele Ogunnowo and Olabisi Alao-Sanni, 2010. Comparative Antioxidant, Phytochemical and Proximate Analysis of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Talinum triangulare. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9: 259-264.
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.259.264
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.259.264
DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2010.259.264
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjn.2010.259.264
REFERENCES
- Abdalla, A.E. and J.P. Roozen, 1999. Effect of plant extracts on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil and emulsion. Food Chem., 64: 323-329.
CrossRef - Akah, P.A. and C.L. Okafor, 1992. Blood sugar lowering effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del, in an experimental rabbit model. Phytother. Res., 6: 171-173.
CrossRefDirect Link - Akinpelu, D.A., 1999. Antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Fitoterapia, 70: 432-434.
CrossRefDirect Link - Amic, D., D. Davidovic-Amic, D. Beslo and N. Trinajstic, 2003. Structure-radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids Croat. Chem. Acta, 76: 55-61.
Direct Link - Aregheore, E.M.K., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker, 1998. Feed value of some browse plants from the central zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Trop. Sci., 38: 97-104.
Direct Link - Ayoola, G.A., A.D. Folawewo, S.A. Adesegun, O.O. Abioro, A.A. Adepoju-Bello and H.A.B. Coker, 2008. Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of some plants of Apocynaceae from South West Nigeria. Afr. J. Plant Sci., 2: 124-128.
Direct Link - Dahanukar, S.A., R.A. Kulkarni and N.N. Rege, 2000. Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. Indian J. Pharmacol., 32: 81-118.
Direct Link - Farombi, E.O. and A. Fakoya, 2005. Free radical scavenging and antigenotoxic activities of natural phenolic compounds in dried flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 49: 1120-1128.
CrossRefDirect Link - Genestra, M., 2007. Oxyl radicals, redox-sensitive signalling cascades and antioxidants. Cell Signal, 19: 1807-1819.
PubMed - Halliwell, B., 1990. How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Raical Res. Commun., 9: 1-32.
PubMedDirect Link - Ukpong, I.E. and J.O. Moses, 2001. Nutrient requirement for the growth of water leaf (Talinum triangulare) in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. Environmentalist, 21: 153-159.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kahkonen, M.P., A.I. Hopia, H.J. Vuorela, J.P. Rauha, K. Pihlaja, T.S. Kujala and M. Heinonen, 1999. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 47: 3954-3962.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Kaur, C. and H.C. Kapoor, 2001. Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables-the millennium's health. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 36: 703-725.
CrossRefDirect Link - Mbang, A., S. Owolabi, O. Jaja and J.O. Opeyemi, 2008. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. J. Complement. Integr. Med., Vol. 5, No. 1.
CrossRefDirect Link - Mensah, J.K., R.I. Okoli, J.O. Ohaju-Obodo and K. Eifediyi, 2008. Phytochemical, nutritional and medical properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo people of Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 7: 2304-2309.
Direct Link - Mensor, L.L., F.S. Menezes, G.G. Leitao, A.S. Reis, T.C. dos Santos, C.S. Coube and S.G. Leitao, 2001. Screening of Brazilian plant extracts for antioxidant activity by the use of DPPH free radical method. Phytother. Res., 15: 127-130.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Ologunde, M.O., F.O. Ayorinde, R.K. Shepard, O.A. Afolabi and O.L. Oke, 1992. Sterols of seed oils of Vernonia galanesis, Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus hybridus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus grown in the humid tropics. J. Sci. Food Agric., 58: 221-225.
CrossRefDirect Link - Ruberto, G. and M.T. Baratta, 2000. Antioxidant activity of selected essential oil components in two lipid model systems. Food Chem., 69: 167-174.
CrossRefDirect Link - Sathishsekar, D. and S. Subramanian, 2005. Antioxidant properties of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 14: 153-158.
PubMedDirect Link - Singleton, V.L. and J.A. Rossi, 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16: 144-158.
CrossRefDirect Link - Sofowora, A., 1993. Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. 2nd Edn., Spectrum Books, Ibadan, Nigeria, ISBN-13: 9789782462190, Pages: 289.
Direct Link - Uhegbu, F.O. and K.J. Ogbuehi, 2004. Effect of the aqueous extract (crude) of leaves of Vernonia amygdalina on blood glucose, serum cholesterol and serum albumin levels in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Global J. Pure Applied Sci., 10: 189-194.
Direct Link - Wang, H., T. Liu, Y. Chen and D. Shiuan, 2007. Protective effect of freeze dried extract of vegetables and fruits on the hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidative damage of DNA and decreased of erythrocytes deformability. Applied Biochem. Biotechnol., 141: 241-249.
CrossRefDirect Link - Gulcin, I., I.G. Sat, S. Beydemir, M. Elmastas and O.I. Kufrevioglu, 2004. Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). Food Chem., 87: 393-400.
CrossRefDirect Link