Abdulrahman Bahrami
Not Available
Ahmad Jonidi-Jafari
Not Available
Behzad Folladi
Not Available
Hossien Mahjub
Not Available
Qolamhosien Sadri
Not Available
Majid Motamed Zadeh
Not Available
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was evaluation of exposed to toluene and compare levels of hippuric acid and o-Cresol in taxi drivers, petrol station workers, car painters with a control group in West of Iran. The urinary o-creasol and toluene in air were analyzed by a gas chromatography and hippuric acid was extracted from urine and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The significant differences in the levels of urinary o-Cresol were found in painters and petrol station workers compared to the control group (p<0.005). There was no significant correlation between toluene in air and biomarkers for taxi drivers. The lowest toluene concentration at which urinary hippuric acid increased to a measurable level was approximately 25 to 35 ppm and for o-Cresol was 2 ppm. In conclusion our results was showed that o-Cresol and hippuric acid could separate the exposed to toluene from the non-exposed when toluene in breathing zone of subjects was greater than 3 and 35 ppm, respectively. Hippuric acid and o-Cresol are not suitable biomarkers for occupations such as drivers that exposure to toluene in low concentration.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Abdulrahman Bahrami, Ahmad Jonidi-Jafari, Behzad Folladi, Hossien Mahjub, Qolamhosien Sadri and Majid Motamed Zadeh, 2005. Comparison of Urinary o-Cresol and Hippuric Acid in Drivers, Gasoline Station Workers and Painters Exposed to Toluene in West of Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 8: 1001-1005.
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2005.1001.1005
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2005.1001.1005
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2005.1001.1005
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2005.1001.1005
REFERENCES
- Kumai, M., A. Koizumi, K. Saito, H. Sakurai and T. Inoue et al., 1983. A nationwide survey on organic solvents components in various solvents products: Part II. Heterogeneous products. Such as paints, inks and adhesives. Ind. Health, 21: 185-197.
PubMedDirect Link - Filley, C.M., W. Halliday and B.K. Kleinschmidt-Demasters, 2004. The effects of toluene on the central nervous system. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 63: 1-12.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Chapman, D.E., T.J. Moore, S.R. Michener and G. Powis, 1990. Metabolism and covalent binding of [14C] toluene by human and rat liver microsomal fractions and liver slices. Drug Metab. Disposit., 18: 929-936.
Direct Link - Truchon, G., R. Tardif and J. Brodeur, 1999. O-cresol: A good indicator of exposure to low levels of toluene. Applied Occup. Environ. Hyg., 14: 677-681.
PubMedDirect Link - Nise, G., 1992. Urinary excretion of o-cresol and hippuric acid after toluene exposure in rotogravure printing. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 63: 377-381.
CrossRefDirect Link - Angerer, J. and A. Kramer, 1997. Occupational chronic exposure to organic solvents. XVI. Ambient and biological monitoring of workers exposed to toluene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 69: 91-96.
Direct Link - Kawai, T., K Mizunuma, Y. Okada, S. Horiguchi and M. Ikeda, 1996. Toluene itself as the best urinary marker of toluene exposure. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 68: 289-297.
PubMedDirect Link - Inoue, O., E. Kanno, K. Kasai, H. Ukai, S. Okamoto and M. Ikeda, 2004. Benzylmercapturic acid is superior to hippuric acid and o-cresol as a urinary marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Toxicol. Lett., 147: 177-186.
Direct Link - Inoue, O., E. Kanno, T. Yusa, M. Kakizaki and H. Ukai et al., 2002. Urinary benzylmercapturic acid as a marker of occupational exposure to toluene. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 75: 341-347.
PubMedDirect Link - Alvarez-Leite, E.M., A. Duarte, M.M. Barroca and J.N. Silveira, 1999. Possible effects of drinking and smoking habits on hippuric acid levels in urine of adults with no occupational toluene exposure. J. Occup. Health, 41: 112-114.
Direct Link - Dossing, M., J. Baelum, S.H. Hansen and G.R. Lundqvist, 1984. Effect of ethanol, cimetidine and propranolol on toluene metabolism in man. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 54: 309-315.
CrossRefDirect Link - Baelum, J., 1991. Human solvent exposure: Factors influencing the pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 66: 1-36.
PubMedDirect Link