Amina Essawy
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
ABSTRACT
The garden snail Eobania vermiculata crawls utilizing muscular waves which pass along the sole of the foot from posterior to anterior. In addition to the Pedal nerves supplying the foot, there is a subepidermal neural plexus embedded in foot musculature. Light and electron microscopical preparations revealed the sole plexus which consists of ganglionic knots contain neural cell bodies situated on the periphery of neuropile. In the neuropile synaptic junctions of axo-axonic type are demonstrated. Clear and/or dense core granulated synaptic vesicles are frequently occur in the axon profiles. Single axons containing synaptic vesicles diverge from the neural plexus and contact the muscle cells forming neuromuscular junctions. So presence of peripheral neural network may be necessary for precise, rapid neural control over the small regions of the foot and must facilitate co-ordinated pedal movements. Furthermore, presence of different types of synaptic vesicles is a good evidence for the possible role of these inclusions as sites of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Amina Essawy, 2001. Neural Network Influencing the Regulation of Locomotion in the
Garden Snail (Eobania vermiculata). Journal of Biological Sciences, 1: 519-523.
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2001.519.523
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2001.519.523
DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2001.519.523
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jbs.2001.519.523
REFERENCES
- Bailey, C.H., V.F. Castellucci, J. Koister and E.R. Kandel, 1979. Cellular studies of peripheral neurons in siphon skin of Aplysia californica. J. Neurophysiol., 42: 530-557.
Direct Link - Benedeczky, I., K. Halasy and M. Csoknya, 1987. Fine structure of the neuromuscular junctions in the alimentary tract of phylogenetically different animal species. Acta Biol. Hungarica, 38: 363-382.
PubMedDirect Link - Buckett, K.J., M. Peters, G.J. Dockray, J. Van Minnen and P.R. Benjamin, 1990. Regulation of heartbeat in Lymnaea by motoneurons containing FMRFamide-like peptides. J. Neurophysiol., 63: 1426-1435.
Direct Link - Chase, R., 2000. Structure and function in the cerebral ganglion. Microsc. Res. Tech., 49: 511-520.
PubMedDirect Link - Elekes, K., 2000. Ultrastructural aspects of peptidergic modulation in the peripheral nervous system of Helix pomatia. Microsc. Res. Tech., 49: 534-546.
PubMedDirect Link - Essawy, A.E., N. Abdelmeguid and Y. Hassan, 1994. The ultrastructure of the neural plexus in the foot musculature of the desert snail Eremina ehrenbergi. Funct. Dev. Morphol., 4: 17-19.
PubMedDirect Link - Fujisawa, Y., Y. Furukawa, S. Ohta, T.A. Ellis and N.C. Dembrow et al., 1999. The Aplysia mytilus inhibitory peptide-related peptides: Identification, cloning, processing, distribution and action. J. Neurosci., 19: 9618-9634.
Direct Link - Gerschenfeld, H.M., 1973. Chemical transmission in invertebrate central nervous systems and neuromuscular junctions. Physiol. Rev., 53: 1-119.
Direct Link - Halasy, K., I. Benedeczky, E. Fekete, L. Toth and R. Gabriel, 1988. Enteric neuromuscular junctions: Comparison of ultrastructural features in different phylogenetic groups. Neuroscience, 25: 147-162.
CrossRefPubMedDirect Link - Ierusalimsky, V.N. and I.S. Zakharov, 1994. Mapping of neurons participating in the innervation of the body wall of the snail. Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., 24: 33-39.
CrossRefDirect Link - Kater, S.B., C. Heyer and J.P. Hegmann, 1971. Neuromuscular transmission in the gastropod mollusc Helisoma trivolvis: Identification of motoneurons. Z. Vergl. Physiol., 74: 127-139.
CrossRefDirect Link - Musio, K. and C. Bedini, 1990. Fine structure and axonal organization in the buccal ganglia nerves of Aplysia (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoomorphology, 110: 17-26.
CrossRefDirect Link - Muneoka, Y., F. Morishita, Y. Furukawa, O. Matsushima and M. Kobayashi et al., 2000. Comparative aspects of invertebrate neuropeptides. Acta Biol. Hung., 51: 111-132.
Direct Link - Plesch, B., 1977. An ultrastructural study of the innervation of the musculature of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) with reference to peripheral neurosecretion. Cell Tiss. Res., 183: 353-369.
CrossRefDirect Link - Rogers, D.C., 1969. Fine structure of smooth muscle and neuromuscular junctions in the foot of Helix aspersa. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 99: 315-335.
CrossRefDirect Link - Steffens, H., 1980. The buccal ganglia of Helix pomatia L. (Gastropoda, pulmonata). Zoomorphologie, 95: 195-212.
CrossRefDirect Link - Twarog, B.M., 1954. Responses of a molluscan smooth muscle to acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. J. Cell. Comparat. Physiol., 44: 141-163.
CrossRefDirect Link - Twarog, B.M., 1967. The regulation of catch in molluscan muscle. J. Gen. Physiol., 50: 157-169.
Direct Link - Welsh, J.H., 1953. Excitation of the heart of venus mercenaria. Naunyn-Schmiederbergs Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmak, 219: 23-29.
CrossRefDirect Link