Sonia Y. Liu
Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, 425-Werombi Road Camden NSW-2570, Australia
Peter H. Selle
Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, 425-Werombi Road Camden NSW-2570, Australia
Aaron J. Cowieson
Poultry Research Foundation, The University of Sydney, 425-Werombi Road Camden NSW-2570, Australia
ABSTRACT
The effects of sorghum grain variety and conditioning temperature at which broiler diets were steam-pelleted on small intestinal digestion dynamics of starch and nitrogen were assessed. A 2x3 factorial array of treatments comprised two sorghum varieties, with white (Liberty) and red (Venture) pericarps and three conditioning temperatures (70, 80, 90°C). Both sorghums were finely-ground through a 2.0 mm hammer-mill screen prior to incorporation into the diets. Each of the dietary treatments was offered to six replicate cages (6 birds per cage) from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. Digesta samples were collected at day 28 for determination of starch and nitrogen digestibilities and mean retention time in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum. The digestion dynamics of starch and nitrogen were determined using an exponential mathematical model to relate digestion coefficients with mean retention times in each small intestinal segment. Increasing conditioning temperatures generated a concave response in starch digestion rates in white sorghum diets; whereas, there was a convex response in red sorghum diets. Thus, at the intermediate 80°C conditioning temperature, starch digestion rates were at a minimum value for white, but at a maximum value for red sorghum-based diets, which is consistent with the significant sorghum typextemperature interaction (p<0.05). Conditioning temperatures increased potential digestible starch (r = 0.336, p<0.05), predicted glucose absorption (r = 0.468, p<0.01), retention time in the distal ileum (r = 0.362, p<0.05) and the entire small intestine (r = 0.371, p<0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between potential digestible starch (p<0.05) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), which indicated that the optimal FCR was attained with a potential digestible starch value of 0.862. These results suggested that starch and protein digestion may influence feed conversion efficiency.
PDF References Citation
How to cite this article
Sonia Y. Liu, Peter H. Selle and Aaron J. Cowieson, 2014. Influence of Steam-Pelleting Temperatures and Grain Variety of Finely-Ground,
Sorghum-Based Broiler Diets on Small Intestinal Starch and Nitrogen Digestion Dynamics in Broiler Chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 13: 308-315.
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.308.315
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.308.315
DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.308.315
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijps.2014.308.315
REFERENCES
- Abdollahi, M.R., V. Ravindran, T.J. Wester, G. Ravindran and D.V. Thomas, 2010. Influence of conditioning temperature on performance, apparent metabolisable energy, ileal digestibility of starch and nitrogen and the quality of pellets, in broiler starters fed maize- and sorghum-based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 162: 106-115.
CrossRefDirect Link - Al-Rabadi, G.J., P.J. Torley, B.A. Williams, W.L. Bryden and M.J. Gidley, 2011. Effect of extrusion temperature and pre-extrusion particle size on starch digestion kinetics in barley and sorghum grain extrudates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 168: 267-279.
CrossRefDirect Link - Black, J.L., R.J. Hughes, S.G. Nielsen, A.M. Tredrea, R. MacAlpine and R.J. van Barneveld, 2005. The energy value of cereal grains, particularly wheat and sorghum, for poultry. Proc. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp., 17: 21-29.
Direct Link - Dykes, L. and L.W. Rooney, 2006. Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants. J. Cereal Sci., 44: 236-251.
CrossRefDirect Link - Fleming, S.E., K.L. Zambell and M.D. Fitch, 1997. Glucose and glutamine provide similar proportions of energy to mucosal cells of rat small intestine. Am. J. Physiol., 273: 968-978.
PubMed - Giuberti, G., A. Gallo, C. Cerioli and F. Masoero, 2012. In vitro starch digestion and predicted glycemic index of cereal grains commonly utilized in pig nutrition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 174: 163-173.
CrossRefDirect Link - Liu, S.Y., P.H. Selle and A.J. Cowieson, 2013. Influence of conditioning temperatures on amino acid digestibility coefficients at four small intestinal sites and their dynamics with starch and nitrogen digestion in sorghum-based broiler diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 185: 85-93.
CrossRefDirect Link - Liu, S.Y., P.H. Selle and A.J. Cowieson, 2013. The kinetics of starch and nitrogen digestion regulate growth performance and nutrient utilisation of broilers fed coarsely ground, sorghum-based diets. Anim. Prod. Sci., 53: 1033-1040.
CrossRefDirect Link - Liu, S.Y., P.H. Selle and A.J. Cowieson, 2013. Influence of white- and red-sorghum varieties and hydrothermal component of steam-pelleting on digestibility coefficients of amino acids and kinetics of amino acids, nitrogen and starch digestion in diets for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 186: 53-63.
CrossRefDirect Link - Nyachoti, C.M., C.F.M. de Lange, B.W. McBride and H. Schulze, 1997. Significance of endogenous gut nitrogen losses in the nutrition of growing pigs: A review. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 77: 149-163.
Direct Link - Orskov, E.R. and I. McDonald, 1970. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci., 92: 499-503.
CrossRefDirect Link - Selle, P.H., D.J. Cadogan, X. Li and W.L. Bryden, 2010. Implications of sorghum in broiler chicken nutrition. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 156: 57-74.
CrossRefDirect Link - Selle, P.H., S.Y. Liu, J. Cai and A.J. Cowieson, 2013. Steam-pelleting temperatures and grain variety of finely ground, sorghum-based broiler diets. 1. Influence on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Anim. Prod. Sci., 54: 339-346.
CrossRefDirect Link - Selle, P.H., S.Y. Liu, J. Cai and A.J. Cowieson, 2013. Steam-pelleting temperatures, grain variety, feed form and protease supplementation of mediumly ground, sorghum-based broiler diets: Influences on growth performance, relative gizzard weights, nutrient utilisation, starch and nitrogen digestibility. Anim. Prod. Sci., 53: 378-387.
CrossRefDirect Link - Svihus, B. and O. Zimonja, 2011. Chemical alterations with nutritional consequences due to pelleting animal feeds: A review. Anim. Prod. Sci., 51: 590-596.
CrossRefDirect Link - Van der Meulen, J., J.G.M. Bakker, B. Smits and H. de Visser, 1997. Effect of source of starch on net portal flux of glucose, lactate, volatile fatty acids and amino acids in the pig. Br. J. Nutr., 78: 533-544.
PubMedDirect Link - Waniska, R.D., L.F. Hugo and L.W. Rooney, 1992. Practical methods to determine the presence of tannins in sorghum. J. Applied Poult. Res., 1: 122-128.
CrossRefDirect Link - Weurding, R.E., A. Veldman, W.A.G. Veen, P.J. van der Aar and M.W.A. Verstegen, 2001. Starch digestion rate in the small intestine of broiler chicknes differs among feedstuffs. J. Nutr., 131: 2329-2335.
Direct Link - Weurding, R.E., A. Veldman, W.A.G. Veen, P.J. van der Aar and M.W.A. Verstegen, 2001. In vitro starch digestion correlates well with rate and extent of starch digestion in broiler chickens. J. Nutr., 131: 2336-2342.
PubMedDirect Link - Weurding, R.E., H. Enting and M.W. Verstegen, 2003. The relation between starch digestion rate and amino acid level for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 82: 279-284.
Direct Link - Weurding, R.E., H. Enting and M.W.A. Verstegen, 2003. The effect of site of starch digestion on performance of broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 110: 175-184.
CrossRefDirect Link