ABSTRACT
Effect of seed inoculation and different nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of mungbean was studied at Agronomic Research Station, Farooqabad during the year 2000 and 2001. Results showed that various yield components like No. of pods plant -1, No. of grain pods -1, 1000 grain weight, biological and grain yield were affected significantly by seed inoculation and fertilizer application. Seed inoculation + 50-50-0 NPK kg ha -1, exhibited superior performance for exploiting maximum potential (955 kg ha -1) of mungbean grains.
PDF Abstract XML References Citation
How to cite this article
DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2002.314.315
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajps.2002.314.315
INTRODUCTION
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse crop of Pakistan and is popular for its nutritive value and digestibility. Its seed contains 24.2 % protein 1.3 % fat and 60.4 % carbohydrates (Considine, 1982). It is short duration, drought tolerant, can be grown twice a year and fits well in our crop rotation program. In Pakistan annually 200.3 thousand hectares are put under its cultivation and 93.3 thousand tones of yield is gained with an average of 466 kg ha-1 (Anonymous, 2000), which is too low. The reasons of this low yield are numerous but nutritional imbalance and poor nodulation, appears to be the distinct one.
Singh et al. (1993) maintained that grain yield of mungbean was increased by the application of 20 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, where as K2O application has no significant effect. Sharma and Room (1993) found that application of 25 kg N ha-1, 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 75 kg K2O ha-1 to green gram gave the highest yield of 16.66 q ha-1. They further concluded that yield components were also significantly affected by NPK. Bahlu et al. (1995) pointed out in a trial with Vigna mungo given 0, 20, 30 kg N and 20, 40, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and seed inoculated with rhizobium or not inoculated. It was concluded that seed yield increased by seed inoculation, seed yield was also increased when N was applied @ 20 kg ha-1. Patra and Bhattacharyya (1997) observed that highest nodules numbers and seeds yield were obtained by treating the mungbean seeds with rhizobium and applied urea @ 25 kg ha-1. Provorov et al. (1998) observed in field trials conducted at Uzbekistan that inoculation of mungbean seeds with Brady rhizobium increased the herbage mass by 6%, seed mass by 3.6 %, mass of 1000 seeds by 0.8%, nitrogen content in seeds by 8.9%, starch content in seeds by 5.5% and number of nodules by 2.54%. Ali et al. (2000) inoculated three mungbean varieties with NIBGE inoculant and AARI inoculant and reported that growth and yield components were significantly affected by inoculation.
Treatment of seed with NIBGE inoculant (Biopower) gave significantly more seed yield as compare to that with AARI inoculant. Kashem et al. (2000) observed that Brady rhizobium inoculation and NPK fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of mungbean significantly and obtained highest grains yield by the treatment 0-30-20 NPK + inoculum. Shivesh et al. (2000) observed that seed inoculation + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 to mungbean gave high growth, seed yield and dry matter accumulation. Ashraf (2001) found that number of pods plant-1, No. of seeds pod-1 and 1000-grain weight were affected significantly by the application of 50 kg P2O5 with varying level of N from 20 to 50 kg ha-1 in addition to seed inoculation. He further studied that highest grain yield of 1074.74 kg ha¯1 was recorded in plot, fertilized with 50-50-0 kg NPK ha-1 + seed inoculation.
It was therefore felt that there is an urgent need to determine the effect of seed inoculation and appropriate level of NPK for getting higher seed production of mungbean under Farooqabad, District Sheikhupura conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present studies were carried out at the Agronomic Research Station Farooqabad, District Sheikhupura for two consecutive years (2000-2001). Experiments were laid out in Randomized complete Block Design having net plot size 3x5 m2. Mungbean CV. NM-92 was used as a test variety and the treatments used were as follows.
T1 | = | No seed inoculation+No fertilizer (control) |
T2 | = | Seed inoculation alone+No fertilizer. |
T3 | = | Seed inoculation+20-50-0 NPK kg ha-1. |
T4 | = | Seed inoculation+30-50-0 NPK kg ha-1. |
T5 | = | Seed inoculation+40-50-0 NPK kg ha-1. |
T6 | = | Seed inoculation+50-50-0 NPK kg ha-1. |
T7 | = | Seed inoculation+50-50-25 NPK kg ha-1. |
The crop was sown during the Ist fortnight of May and harvested during 2nd week of July. The seeds were inoculated just before drilling. The whole quantity of fertilizers was side dressed just after sowing. All other agronomic practices were kept uniform for all the treatments. Observations regarding various agronomic characteristics were recorded by using standard procedure. Data collected and analyzed statistically by using the analysis of variance technique and Duncans New Multiple Range test at 5% probability was applied to compare treatment means (Steel and Torrie, 1984).
Results and Discussions
No. of pods plant-1: Seed inoculation and fertilizer application effected significantly on the No. of pods plant-1. In the year 2000 T7 (seed inoculation + 50-50-25 NPK kg ha-1) gave maximum No. of pods plant-1 (19.47) but was statistically at par with T6 (18.95) (Table 1). Similarly during the year 2001 T7 produced maximum No. of pods plant-1, nevertheless it was statistically equal to T4, T5 and T6, with minimum No. of pods plant-1 in plot applied T1 (no seed inoculation + no fertilizer) (Table 2). Results are in line with those obtained by Ali et al. (2000) and Ashraf (2001).
No. of grains pod-1: Seed inoculation and fertilizer application exhibited a positive effect towards No. grains pod-1 (Table 1 and 2). During the year 2000 maximum No. of grains pod-1 were noted in plot treated with T7 which was statistically at par with T5 and T6. While minimum No. of grains pod-1 were received in case of T1 (Table 1). In the year 2001 maximum No. of grains pod-1 were observed in plot applied with T6 which was statistically equal to T3, T4, T5 and T7. Ali et al. (2000) and Ashraf (2001) reported similar results.
1000-grain weight (g): Seed inoculation and NPK application significantly affected 1000-grain weight (Table 1 and 2). Maximum 1000-grain weight was recorded in plots having T6 (41.84 g) and (42.60 g) during both the years with minimum in case of plot applied T1.
Table 1: | Various agronomic characteristics of mungbean as affected by seed inoculation and different fertilizer levels during the year 2000 |
Any two means not sharing a letter in common differ significantly at 5% probability level |
Table 2: | Various agronomic characteristics of mungbean as affected by seed inoculation and different fertilizer levels during the year 2001 |
Any two means not sharing a letter in common differ significantly at 5% probability level |
The heavier seed could be because of favorable soil environment and better fertilizer supply, which finally improve the grain weight. Almost similar results were reported by Sharma and Room (1993) and Ali et al. (2000).
Biological yield (kg ha-1): Total biomass production per hectare was affected significantly by seed inoculation and fertilizer application. Treatment T6 produced highest biomass 4865 and 4471 Kg ha-1 during the years 2000 and 2001, which was (37%) and (34%) higher than that of control. These results are in agreement with those maintained by Sharma and Room (1993).
Grain yield (kg ha-1): Final grain yield is a function of cumulative effect of various yields parameters. Data reflects that seed inoculation and fertilizer application has a significant affect on grain yield per hectare. During 2000 maximum grain yield (670 kg ha-1) noted in plots applied with T7 and was followed by T6 (648 kg ha-1), while the T1 produced only 343 kg ha-1 grains. In the year 2001 T6 gave maximum grain yield i.e., 1262 kg ha-1 and T7 gave 1073 kg ha-1 with minimum in case of control. These results are in conformity with those of reported by Bahlu et al. (1995), Patra and Bhattacharyya (1997) and Kasheem et al. (2000).
The results led to the interference that yield and yield components of mungbean significantly affected by seed inoculation and fertilizer application. T6 (Seed inoculation + 50-50-0 kg NPK ha-1) and T7 (Seed inoculation + 50-50-25 kg NPK ha-1 exhibited superior performance for exploiting maximum potential of mungbean under Farooqabad conditions.
REFERENCES
- Ali, A., M.A. Choudhry and A. Tanveer, 2000. Response of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes to Rhizobia culture. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 37: 80-82.
Direct Link