Trends in Applied Sciences Research1819-35792151-7908Science International10.3923/tasr.2012.881.900Ad Hoc Networks]]>TiongS.K. JassimH.Sh. YussofS. KohS.P. YapDavid F.W. 112012711A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes without any specific fixed infrastructure. The connectivity among the nodes may differ with time due to nodes are randomly moving and may join or leave the network at any time. Hence, an efficient routing protocol is needed to allow communication over dynamic MANET topology. Several ad hoc routing protocols have been proposed and implemented to determine the most efficient path to route information through dynamic nodes in MANET. Meanwhile, due to most of the mobile nodes have different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, recent research work of MANET routing has focused on developing protocol that is able to support various QoS requirements. In this study, a new routing protocol namely EMNet has been proposed to cater for different QoS requirements in MANET. It was designed based on an artificial intelligent technique namely Electromagnetic-like Mechanism (EM), which simulating the attraction-repulsion mechanism theory of electromagnetism. The EM generated solutions for new path establishment and broken links restoration by regenerating new individuals with quality improvement through its attraction-repulsion process. The new EMNet protocol has been simulated in various MANET scenarios and its performance in routing was compared with conventional ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. The simulation results show that EMNet is able to achieve better results in terms of packet delivery, normalized routing load, end-to-end delay, overhead, and throughput in comparison with AODV in the simulation scenarios.]]>Anastasi, G., E. Borgia, M. Conti and E. Gregori,20032003pp: 758763Birbil, S.I. and S.C. Fang,200325263282Bonabeau, E., M. Dorigo and G. Theraulaz,19991st Edn.,Anastasi, G., M. Conti and E. Gregori,20042004pp: 69-116pp: 69-116Broch, J., D.A. Maltz, D.B. Johnson, Y.C. Hu and J. Jetcheva,19981998pp: 8597Buruhanudeen, S., Othman, M. and B.M Ali,20072007pp: 231236Cheng, H. and S. Yang,201023806819Chuanhe, H., C. Yong, S. Wenming and Z. Hao,20072007pp: 406409Fall, K. and K. Varadhan,20032003Ghalavand, G., A. Dana, A. Ghalavand and M. Rezahosieni,20102010pp: V5-606V5-609Jassim, H.S., S. Yussof, T.S. Kiong, S.P. Koh and R. Ismail,20092009pp: 547554Jing, F., R.S. Bhuvaneswaran, Y. Katayama and N. Takahashi,20062006pp: 758762Johnson, D., Y. Hu and D. Maltz,20072007Milanovic, N., M. Malek, A. Davidson and V. Milutinovic,2004376165Perkins, C.E. and E.M. Royer,20032003Rajabhushanam, C. and A. Kathirvel,201125058Rajagopalan, S. and C.C. Shen,200652485504Tuch, B.,19931993Khan, K.U.R., R.U. Zaman and A.V. Reddy,20082008pp: 336341Woo, K., C. Yu, H.Y. Youn and B. Lee,20012001pp: 117124Xie, F., L. Du, Y. Bai and L. Chen,20072007pp: 43134317Zeng Y.Y. and Y.X. He,20052005pp: 678681Li, X., M.R. Lyu and J. Liu,20042004pp: 12861295