Trends in Applied Sciences Research1819-35792151-7908Science International10.3923/tasr.2011.463.471Canavalia ensiformis (L.) (Jack Beans) as Affected by the use of Mould Starter Cultures for Fermentation]]>GabrielR.A.O. AkinyosoyeF.A. AdetuyiF.C. 5201165In order to investigate the role of the individual mould strains in the improvement of the nutritional status of jack beans during natural fermentation. The part played by individual mould strains was investigated using each as a starter culture inoculum, using pressure-cooking as the mode of thermal treatment. One hundred gramme of ground, 40 min, pressure cooked samples were inoculated with the single starter cultures under aseptic condition using 1 mL of each inoculum and the samples were homogenized using a sterile scapula after which fermentation was allowed to take place under controlled environment of temperature of 30±3°C for 14 days. Physical sensory changes, fermentation parameters, proximate and antinutritional composition were determined during fermentation. The total titratable acidity of the fermenting substrates varied between 0.07% for N. crassa fermented substrate to 0.26% for R. oryzae fermented substrate. While there was a general decrease in value for the pH of the fermenting substrates from 6.6 to 5.9. Proximate analysis revealed that the protein content of substrates increased from 26.21 g 100 g-1 in the control to 33.51 g 100 g-1 with N. crassa as the inoculum, while the fat content decreased from 11.95 g 100 g-1 in the control to 1.95 g 100 g-1 in the substrate fermented with A. niger, respectively. The mineral composition showed an increase in magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron compared with the control (30.07, 18.51, 23.51 and 0.00 μg g-1, respectively). The antinutrient composition revealed that both the canavanine and phytate content of the fermented substrates decreased significantly from 0.79 mg g-1 (control) to 0.53 mg g-1 (A. niger fermented substrate) and 5865.60 mg 100 mg-1 (control) to 1352.60 mg 100 g-1 (A. niger fermented substrate), respectively. Therefore, the use of single starter culture mould fermentation can be used to improve the nutritional quality of Canavalia ensiformis L.]]>Acamovic, T. and J.P.F. D`Mello,1990Canavalia ensiformis and in exreta and serum of chicks.]]>506377 Amadi, F.N., I.S. Barimalaa and I. Omosigho,1999541320AOAC,200017th Edn.,Bhagya, B., K.R. Sridhar, S. Seena, C.C. Young, A.B. Arun and K.V. Nagara,2006in vitro starch digestibility of ripened Canavalia carthartica beans of coastal sand dunes of Southern India.]]>52128Caplice, E. and G.F. Fitzgerald,199950131149Dakwa, S., M. Sakyi-Dawson, C. Diako, N.T. Annan and W.K. Amoa-Awua,20051046982Egounlety, M.,2003Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) by fermentation.]]>1173181Famurewa, J.A.V. and A.O. Raji,2005Glycine max,1 Merill) (1) selected thermal treatment.]]>11919Gabriel, R.A.O..2002Canavalia ensiformis L.]]>2002Gabriel, R.A.O., F.C. Adetuyi and A.K. Onifade,2004Canavalia ensiformis, L) subjected to liquid and solid substrate fermentation.]]>9711Gabriel, R.A.O. and F.C. Akharaiyi,2007Canavalia ensiformis).]]>19197Gabriel, R.A.O., F.C. Adetuyi and F.A. Akinyosoye,2009Canavalia ensiformis L.).]]>51924Gomez, K.A. and A.A. Gomez,19842nd Edn.,Pages: 704Pages: 704Hassan, A.B., G.A. Osman, and E.E. Babiker,2005Lupinus termis) seeds.]]>3255262Holzapfel, W., 19978241258Ibrahim, F.S., E.E. Babiker, N.E. Yousif and A.H. ElTinay,20053118125Ihekoronye, A.I. and P.O. Ngoddy,1985Pages: 386Pages: 386El-Tinay, A.H., E.E. Babiker, H.B. EL-Maki, S.M. AbdelRahman and W.H. Idris,20053410416Makkar, H.P.S., M. Blummel, N.K. Borowy and K. Becker,199361161165Mbajunwa, O.K., J.O. Akingbala, K. Mulongoy and G. Oguntimein,1998Pentaclethra macrophylla).]]>77127132Njoku, H.O., J.N. Ogbulie and C. Nnubia,1990Pentaclethra macrophylla) for ugba production.]]>71326Nout, M.J.R.,199427291298Oboh, G.,20065290294Elkhalifa, A.O., B. Schiffler and R. Bernhardt,20059215Park, J., D.N. Metaxas and L. Axel,199615371Pederson, C.S.,19913rd Edn.,Rombouts, F.M. and M.J.R. Nout,199517910851175Sahlin, P.,19991999Sherfi, A.S. and S.H. Hamad,2001621502157Sridha, K.R. and S. Seena,2006Canavalia-A comparative study.]]>99267288Steinkraus, K.H.,19972nd Edn.,pp: 776pp: 776Udedibie, A.B.I. and J. Nwaiwu,1988C. ensiformis) as animal feed.]]>23130143Yigzaw, Y., L. Gorton, G. Akalu and T. Solomon,2001Eragrostis tef), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) and their mixture: Aspects of nutrition and food safety.]]>2001