Research Journal of Medicinal Plants1819-34552151-7924Science International10.3923/rjmp.2019.103.108Azadirachta indica Leaf Fractionated Extracts on Renal and Haematological Indices against Snake Venom Toxicity in Albino Rats]]>SaniIbrahim Aliyu UmarRabi`u Wara HassanSanusi Zaki FaruqUmar BelloFatima AbdulhamidAbubakar 32019133Background and Objective: Snake venoms constitute different toxins which display different modes of action. Likewise, venoms from different snake species vary significantly in their toxin composition. Snake venom can cause morbidity and even mortality through tissue destruction. Hence, this research was aimed at evaluating the protective effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts on renal and haematological indices in albino rats. Materials and Methods:A.indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using methanol followed by fractionation using hexane and ethylacetate. Albino rats of both sexes were used. They were grouped into 5, normal control, venom control, venom and hexane fraction (100 mg kg1 b.wt.), venom and ethylacetate fraction (100 mg kg1 b.wt.), then venom and conventional antivenom. Results:The hexane and the ethylacetate fractions significantly rendered protection on the renal and haematological indices probably via inactivation of the venom cytotoxins. Conclusion: This research has provided a scientific proof on the antivenom properties of A.indica leaf and the plant extracts can be used for detoxification of the snake venom toxicity.]]>Theakston, R.D.G. and H.A. Reid,198361949956Kordis, D. and F. Gubensek,20002614352Haruna, A.K. and M.K. Choudhury,1995In vivo antisnake venom activity of a furanoid diterpene from Aristolochia albida Duch (Aristolochiaceae).]]>57222224Goje, L.J., A. Aisami, F.U. Maigari, P.E. Ghamba, I. Shuaibu and A.D.T. Goji,2013Boswellia delzielli stem bark on the parameters of hepatic functions and energy metabolism of Naja nigricollis (spitting cobra) envenomed albino rats.]]>16168Sani, I., R.A. Umar, S.W. Hassan and U.Z. Faruq,20184512520Lu, Q., J.M. Clemetson and K.J. Clemetson,2005317911799El-Mahmood, A.M., O.B. Ogbonna and M. Raji,2010Azadarichta indica (neem) seeds extracts against bacterial pathogens associated with eye and ear infections.]]>414141421Biswas, K., I. Chattopadhyay, R.K. Banerjee and U. Bandyopadhyay,2002Azadirachta indica).]]>8213361345Biu, A.A., S.D. Yusufu and J.S. Rabo,2010Azadirachta indica, Juss) leaf aqueous extract in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).]]>11241244Nahak, G. and R.K. Sahu,2011Azadirachta indica A. Juss.]]>37881Koul, A., V. Mohan and S. Bharati,2014Azadirachta indica mitigates DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity: A biochemical and radiometric study.]]>513745Sunarwidhi, A.L., S. Sudarsono and A.E. Nugroho,2014Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. ethanolic extracts standardized by rutin and quercetin in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.]]>4613618Aboubakar, O.B.F., N.M.T. Bella, L.T.E. Ngo, D.C. Bilanda and T. Dimo,2012Jateorhiza macrantha (Menispermaceae) aqueous extract on ethanol-induced hypertension in wistar.]]>4293298AUCC.,2009Vol. 1,Goswami, P.K., M. Samant and R.S. Srivastava,2014647Razi, M.T., M.H.H.B. Asad, T. Khan, M.Z. Chaudhary, M.T. Ansari, M.A. Arshad and Q. Najam-us Saqib,2011Fagonia cretica against Naja naja karachiensis (black Pakistan cobra) venom.]]>2519021907Dupont, S., N. Caffin, B. Bhandari and G.A. Dykes,2006In vitro antibacterial activity of Australian native herb extracts against food-related bacteria.]]>17929932Burtis, C.A., E.R. Ashwood and D.E. Bruns,20064th Edn.,pp: 335-337pp: 335-337Jung, D.H. and A.C. Parekh,197016247250Slot, C.,196517381387Briggs, C. and B.J. Bain,20112011pp: 19-46pp: 19-46Gasanov, S.E., R.K. Dagda and E.D. Rael,20142s and Zn2+-dependent metalloproteinases: Mechanisms of action and pharmacological relevance.]]>2014Mohamed, A.H., M. El-Serougi and A. Kamel,1964Walterinessia ageypta venom on blood sodium, potassium and catecholamines and urine 17-ketosteroids.]]>2103107James, O., E.U. Godwin and I.G. Otini,2013In vivo neutralization of Naja nigricollis venom by Uvaria chamae.]]>9224234Schneemann, M., R. Cathomas, S.T. Laidlaw, A.M. El Nahas, R.D.G. Theakston and D.A. Warrell,2004Cerastes cerastes) causing micro-angiopathic haemolysis, coagulopathy and acute renal failure: Clinical cases and review.]]>97717727Sani, I., R.A. Umar, S.W. Hassan, U.Z. Faruq, A. Abdulhamid, F. Bello and I.M. Fakai,201912396403Burke, J.E. and E.A. Dennis,20092 biochemistry.]]>234959Maria, D.A., R.C. Vassao and I.R.G. Ruiz,200342579585Pugh, R.N.H., R.D.G. Theakston, H.A. Reid and I.S. Bhar,1980Naja nigricollis, in the Malumfashi area of Northern Nigeria.]]>74523530Warrell, D.A., B.M. Greenwood, N.M. Davidson, L.D. Ormerod and C.R.M. Prentice,1976Naja nigricollis).]]>45122