Research Journal of Medicinal Plants1819-34552151-7924Science International10.3923/rjmp.2018.1.8Staphylococcus aureus by Disruption of Cell Wall]]>Yulinah SukandarElin Fisheri KurniatiNeng PuspatrianiKhairunnisa Puspita AdityasHanung 12018121Background and Objective: Curcumin has long been known to have an antibacterial activity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of curcumin in combination with tetracycline or ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its underlying mechanism. Methodology: The antibacterial activity of the combination of curcumin with tetracycline or ciprofloxacin was determined using the checkerboard method. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the chosen combination was determined in situ by the recovery rate and wound score of S. aureus-infected rabbits skin following the curcumin-antibiotic combination treatment. Lastly, imaging using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy was done to determine the morphological changes of the curcumin combination-treated S. aureus. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA followed by LSD and Tukey post hoc analysis using SPSS. Results: The results of this study show that combinations of curcumin with tetracycline had a synergistic interaction against S. aureus and E. coli, while a combination of curcumin with only ciprofloxacin showed a synergistic interaction on S. aureus. The combination of curcumin and tetracycline was then chosen for further studies. According to dermal and ocular irritation tests on rabbits, an ointment based on a combination of curcumin with tetracycline did not cause dermal or ocular irritation. Furthermore, the application of a combination of 2% curcumin with 1% tetracycline on S. aureus-infected rabbits skin healed the infected skin faster than the 3% tetracycline ointment alone. This combination was found to cause a distortion and rupture of the bacterial cell wall after being treated with the combination for 18 h. Conclusion: Curcumin in combination with tetracycline can be an alternative topical application in the treatment of S. aureus-caused skin infections.]]>Lister, P.D.,2000Pseudomonas aeruginosa.]]>20213S218SSukandar, E.Y., N.F. Kurniati, K. Anggadiredja and A. Kamil,2016In vitro antibacterial activity of Kaempferia pandurata roxb. and Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. extracts in combination with certain antibiotics against MSSA and MRSA.]]>8108111Adwan, M.G., A.B. Abu-Shanab and M.K. Adwan,2008In vitro activity of certain drugs in combination with plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus infections.]]>24541544Chang, P.C., H.Y. Li, H.J. Tang, J.W. Liu, J.J. Wang and Y.C. Chuang,2007In vitro synergy of baicalein and gentamicin against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.]]>405661Chattopadhyay, I., K. Biswas, U. Bandyopadhyay and R.K. Banerjee,2004874453Gupta, S.C., S. Prasad, J.H. Kim, S. Patchva, L.J. Webb, I.K. Priyadarsini and B. Aggarwal,20112819371955Na, H.S., M.H. Cha, D.R. Oh, C.W. Cho, J.H. Rhee and Y.R. Kim,2011Vibrio vulnificus infection.]]>63355362De, R., P. Kundu, S. Swarnakar, T. Ramamurthy, A. Chowdhury, G.B. Nair and A.K. Mukhopadhyay,2009Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice.]]>5315921597Moghaddam, K.M., M. Iranshahi, M.C. Yazdi and A.R. Shahverdi,2009Staphylococcus aureus.]]>3141143Teow, S.Y. and S.A. Ali,2015Staphylococcus aureus.]]>2821092114CLSI.,20098th Edn.,CLSI.,2007Lorian, V.,19913rd Edn.,Odds, F.C.,20035211OLAW.,20022002Dutok, C.M.S., C.A. Berenguer-Rivas, E. Rodriguez-Leblanch, L. Perez-Jackson and I. Chil-Nunez et al.,2015Pouteria mammosa (L.) cronquist.]]>2015Vinardell, M.P. and M. Mitjans,2008974659Ki, V. and C. Rotstein,200819173184Sunder, S., E. Haguenoer, D. Bouvet, S. Lissandre and A. Bree et al.,2012Escherichia coli cellulitis in patients with haematological malignancies.]]>6113241327Meulemans, L., K. Hermans, L. Duchateau and F. Haesebrouck,2007Staphylococcus aureus strains in a rabbit skin infection model.]]>125333340Teow, S.Y., K. Liew, S.A. Ali, A.S.B. Khoo and S.C. Peh,2016Staphylococcus aureus: A brief review.]]>2016Tyagi, P., M. Singh, H. Kumari, A. Kumari and K. Mukhopadhyay,20152015Rai, D., J.K. Singh, N. Ray and D. Panda,2008410147155Matsui, T., J. Yamane, N. Mogi, H. Yamaguchi, H. Takemoto, M. Yao and I. Tanaka,2012Staphylococcus aureus.]]>D6811751188Singh, P. and D. Panda,201023295304