Research Journal of Medicinal Plants1819-34552151-7924Science International10.3923/rjmp.2017.62.67Piper betle L. Aqueous Extract on Salmonella sp. Isolates from Small Intestine of Quails]]>Eka WidjayaFensa RetnaniYuli HermanaWidya 22017112Background and Objective: Piper betle L. leaves (beetle leaves) is an example among medicinal plants that could inhibit the growth of Salmonella. This research was aimed to evaluate beetle leaves aqueous extracts ability to inhibit Salmonella sp. by in vivo and in vitro research. Materials and Methods: The research was consisted of three steps. Those steps were finding optimum concentration of extract supplementation, raising the quails and evaluating Salmonella sp. colonies in small intestine of quails which had been given treatment for six weeks. A completely randomized design of seven treatments and three replication was used in this study. The treatments were: P0 = commercial anti-stress supplementation since Day Old Quail (DOQ); P1 = 10% extract supplementation since DOQ; P2 = 20% extract supplementation since DOQ; P3 = 30% extract since DOQ; P4 = 40% extract supplementation since laying period; P5 = 10% extract supplementation since laying period; P6 = 20% extract supplementation since laying period; P7 = 30% extract supplementation since laying period. Data was analyzed with Duncan post hoc test if shows a significant difference (p<0.05) using SPSS as statistical analysis software. Results: According to the inhibition zone, the results show that right level supplementation of extracts to be used was 10% (2.5 mm), 20% (3.5 mm) and 30% (7 mm) which had been added in drinking water. Compared to control treatment (P0), addition of extracts (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) could decrease the colonies of Salmonella sp. in small intestine of quail significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: Beetle leaves aqueous extract supplementation could inhibit Salmonella contamination. Higher concentration of extract leads to higher inhibition zone. The best treatment to reduce Salmonella sp. was P6. Extracts supplementation are better given at laying period rather than DOQ period.]]>Diarrassouba, F., M.S. Diarra, S. Bach, P. Delaquis, J. Pritchard, E. Topp and B.J. Skura,2007Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from commercial broiler chicken farms.]]>7013161327Stearns, S.C. and J.C. Koella,20082nd Edn.,pp: 195-197pp: 195-197Butaye, P., L.A. Devriese and F. Haesebrouck,200316175188Windisch, W., K. Schedle, C. Plitzner and A. Kroismayr,200886E140E148Gupta, A., J. Fontana, C. Crowe, B. Bolstorff and A. Stout et al.,2003Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in the United States.]]>18817071716Contreras, I., C.S. Toro, G. Troncoso and G.C. Mora,1997Salmonella typhi mutants defective in anaerobic respiration are impaired in their ability to replicate within epithelial cells.]]>14326652672Aarestrup, F.M.,2000101148Mitic-Culafic, D., B.S. Vukovic-Gacic, J.B. Knezevic-Vukcevic, S. Stankovicand and D.M. Simic,2005Salvia officinalis L.).]]>57173178Lewis, K. and F.M. Ausubel,20062415041507Chakraborty, D. and B. Shah,20113192199Caburian, A.B. and M.O. Osi,2010Piper betle L.]]>2213Kaveti, B., L. Tan, Sarnnia, T.S. Kuan and M. Baig,2011Piper betle leaves.]]>2129132Pasha, C., S. Sayeed, M.S. Ali and Z. Khan,2009335964Balouiri, M., M. Sadiki and S.K. Ibnsouda,2016in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review.]]>67179Pan, X., F. Chen, T. Wu, H. Tang and Z. Zhao,2009Lactobacillus acidophilus NIT.]]>20598602Row, L.C.M. and J.C. Ho,2009Piper betle.]]>56653658Friedman, M., P.R. Henika and R.E. Mandrell,2002Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica.]]>6515451560Arambewela, L., K.G.A. Kumaratunga and K. Dias,2005Piper betle of Sri Lanka.]]>33133139Bhattacharya, S., M. Subramanian, S. Roychowdhury, A.K. Bauri, J.P. Kamat, S. Chattopadhyay and S.K. Bandyopadhyay,2005Piper betel Leaf.]]>46165171Saxena, M., N.K. Khare, P. Saxena, K.V. Syamsundar and S.K. Srivastava,2014Piper betle from northern plains of India.]]>739599Devi, K.P., S.A. Nisha, R. Sakthivel and S.K. Pandian,2010Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane.]]>130107115Filgueiras, C.T. and M.C.D. Vanetti,2006Listeria monocytogenes.]]>49405409Abd El-Hack, M.E., M. Alagawany, M. Saeed, M. Arif, M.A. Arain, Z.A. Bhutto and S.A. Fazlani,2016Nigella sativa meal on growth performance, carcass traits and blood lipid profile of growing Japanese quail.]]>25244249Ghazalah, A.A. and A.M. Ali,20087234239Applegate, T.J., V. Klose, T. Steiner, A. Ganner and G. Schatzmayr,201019194210Cross, D.E., R.M. McDevitt, K. Hillman and T. Acamovic,200748496506Alcaine, S.D., S.S. Sukhnanand, L.D. Warnick, W.L. Su, P. McGann, P. McDonough and M. Wiedmann,2005Salmonella strains isolated from dairy farms represent multiple widely distributed subtypes that evolved by independent horizontal gene transfer.]]>4940614067Khan, R., B. Islam, M. Akram, S. Shakil and A.A. Ahmad et al.,200914586597Rodenberg, W., I.M.J. Boove-Oudenhoven, E. Kramer, R. van der Meer and J. Keijer,2007Salmonella infection.]]>30123133