Research Journal of Medicinal Plants1819-34552151-7924Science International10.3923/rjmp.2013.68.76Stephania venosa Leaves using Ion-pair Liquid-liquid Extraction]]>ChimnoiNitirat KhunnawutmanothamNisachon FeungfuloyPitchayada ChatrewongwanKittima TechasakulSupanna 1201371Thailandine is a quaternary oxoaporphine alkaloid isolated from Stephania venosa. This compound has shown highly potent and broad range of biological effects, including cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum, K1 strain) and antitubercular (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra) activities. In this study, ion-pair extraction was applied to isolate and purify thailandine. The proposed method involved the extraction of dried S. venosa leaves with methanol. After solvent removal, the crude extract was dissolved in water and partitioned thrice with dichloromethane (1:1 v/v) to remove non and semi-polar substances. Dichloromethane was discarded and a volatile ion-pair reagent, trifluoroacetic acid, was added to the aqueous layer to form an ion-pair substance with thailandine. The ion-pair product was then transferred to the dichloromethane layer. After dichloromethane removal, thailandine was obtained as a red precipitate. Purity and identification were determined using NMR and ESI-HRMS. The results indicated that the proposed method could provide thailandine with high purity. The conditional optimizations showed that using 24 h maceration with methanol at room temperature for extraction and 1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid for ion-pair forming provided thailandine with the optimum yield of 0.18% based on dried weight. This study demonstrated the successful utilization of the ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction for thailandine isolation and purification.]]>Banerji, J., A. Chatterjee, A. Patra, P. Bose, R. Das, B. Das, M. Shamma and B. Tantisewie,1994Stephania venosa.]]>3610531056Boonyaprapat, N. and A. Chokchaijarunporn,1996pp: 412-414pp: 412-414Bourdat-Deschamps, M., C. Herrenknecht, B. Akendengue, A. Laurens and R. Hocquemiller,2004Enantia chlorantha by centrifugal partition chromatography.]]>1041143152Cecchi, T. and P. Passamonti,2009121617891797Charles, B., J. Bruneton, K. Pharadai, B. Tantisewie, H. Guinaudeau and M. Shamma,1987Stephania venosa.]]>5011131117Dai, J. and P.W. Carr,20051072169184Dai, J. and P.W. Carr,2009121666956705Dai, J., S.D. Mendonsa, M.T. Bowser, C.A. Lucy and P.W. Carr,20051069225234Flieger, J.,200611133744Flieger, J.,20101217540549Flieger, J. and A. Czajkowska-Zelazko,201134733739Guinaudeau, H., M. Shamma, B.Tantisewie and K. Pharadai,198245355357Guinaudeau, H., M. Shamma, B.Tantisewie and K. Pharadai,19812111181119Ingkaninan, K., P. Phengpa, S. Yuenyongsawad and N. Khorana,2006Stephania venosa tuber.]]>58695700Jerz, G., S. Wybraniec, N. Gebers and P. Winterhalter,2010Bougainvillea glabra betacyanins by direct coupling of preparative ion-pair high-speed countercurrent chromatography and electrospray ionization mass-spectrometry.]]>121745444554Jerz, G., T. Skotzki, K. Fiege, P. Winterhalter and S. Wybraniec,2008Phytolacca americana by ion-pair high-speed counter-current chromatography.]]>11906373Kato, A., M. Moriyasu, M. Ichimaru and Y. Nishiyama,1996Zanthoxylum usambarense and Zanthoxylum chalybeum using ion-pair HPLC.]]>59316318Kazakevich, Y.V., R. LoBrutto and R. Vivilecchia,20051064918Keawpradub, N., A. Itharat, A. Tantikarnkul, S. Rugleng and P. Inruspong,2001Stephania venosa.]]>23225234Leewanich, P., A. Worachartcheewan, S. Prachayasittikul and V. Prachayasittikul,2011Stephania venosa.]]>51150156Likhitwitayawuid, K., S. Dejdisai, V. Jongbunprasert and J. Krungkrai,1999Stephania venosa, Prismatomeris sessiliflora, Diospyros Montana and Murraya siamensis.]]>65754756Makarasen, A., W. Sirithana, S. Mogkhuntod, N. Khunnawutmanotham, N. Chimnoi and S. Techasakul,2011Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng.]]>7715191524Montririttigri, K., P. Moongkarndi, S. Joongsomboonkusol, B. Chitkul and K. Pattanapanyasat,2008Stephania venosa on human ovarian cancer cells.]]>355256Nantapap, S., C. Loetchutinat, P. Meepowpan, N. Nuntasaen and W. Pompimon,2010Stephania venosa via the induction of cell cycle arrest in mammalian cancer cell lines.]]>710571065Pharadai, K., T. Pharadai, B. Tantisewie, H. Guinaudeau, A.J. Freyer and M. Shamma,1985Stephania venosa.]]>48658659Potduang, B., T. Kajsongkram, P. Limsiriwong, R. Giwanon, K. Thisayakorn, M. Meeploy and Y. Benmart,2005Stephania venosa.]]>6775764Storme, M.L., R.S. t'Kindt, W. Goeteyn, K. Reyntjens and J.F. Van Bocxlaer,20088762430Tanahashi, T., U. Su, N. Nagakura and H. Nayeshiro,2000Stephania cepharantha.]]>48370373Wang, X. and P.W. Carr,20071154165173Wybraniec, S., G. Jerz, N. Gebers and P. Winterhalter,2010Bougainvillea glabra.]]>878538550Wybraniec, S., P. Stalica, G. Jerz, B. Klose and N. Gebers et al.,2009Hylocereus polyrhizus by ion-pair high-speed countercurrent chromatography.]]>121668906899