Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology1819-3420xxxx-xxxxAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/rjet.2007.191.197Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) Stem Water Extract on Barbus Occidentalis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) (Boulenger, 1920) Fingerlings]]>OlogeI.A. DanSogbesanO.A. 4200714Acute toxicity of water extract from dry Euphorbia heterophylla (Linnaeus) plant stem on Barbus occidentalis (Boulenger, 1920) fingerlings was conducted using static bioassay tests over a period of 96 h. The range finding test was used to determine the lethal concentration of the botanical on B. occidentalis and was found to induce varying behavioral response in the fish. The 96 h median lethal concentration, LC50 of 1.81 g L-1 and safety level of 0.18 g L-1 with lower and upper 95% confidence limits being 1.51 and 2.18 g L-1, respectively were determined for B. occidentalis fingerlings exposed to water extract from dry E. heterophylla plant stem. A concentration dependent relationship was established for the effect of the toxicants on the test organisms. Percentage survival of the test organisms followed a regular pattern increasing with decreasing concentration. Prior to death fish were observed to swim actively at the bottom, came up to the surface of the water to gasp for air, there was erratic swimming behaviour, spiral uncoordinated movement and darkened in skin.]]>Adeogun, A.O.,1994Raphia hookeri on the fingerlings of Oreochromis niloticuc (L.) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell).]]>1994Adewole, A.M.,20022002Akinwande, A.A., O.A. Sogbesan, F.O. Moody and A.A. Ugwumba,2007Azardirachta indica (Lodd) on fingerlings of the mudcatfish hybrid.]]>2007APHA (American Public Health Association),198515th Edn.,pp: 1076pp: 1076Ayuba, V.O. and P.C. Ofojekwu,2002Datura innoxia) to the african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings.]]>17131133Bradley, C.E.,1979pp: 33pp: 33Chin, T.S. and J.C. Chen, 1987Penaus monodon.]]>66247253Chlayvareesalla, S., W. Mahabusarakam, J.F. Maxwell, P. Wiriyachitra and G.H.N. Towers,1987132945Lacierda, E.R.C.,1993Chanos chanos) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).]]>242162Ologe, I.A.D., O.A. Sogbesan and S.O. Fagade,2006Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) plant stem to Barbus occidentalis (Pisces cyprinidae) (Boulenger 1920) fingerlings.]]>78792Madureira, A.M., M.J.U. Ferreira, N. Gyemant, K. Ugocsai and et al.,2004Euphorbia species evaluation of their effects on reversal multidrug resistance.]]>704549Madureira, A.M., A. Molnar, P.M. Abreu, J. Molnar and M.J.U. Ferreira,200470828832Novales, R.R.,1959321528Omoregie, E. and M.A. Okpanachi,1992Tilapia zilli exposed to sublethal ]]>34281286Omoregie, E. and E.B.C. Ufodike,1994Bligha spida with suasage plant Kigelia africana on African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Teugels).]]>93541Oti, E.E.,2000Thevetia peruviana to the African freshwater catfish heteroclarias hybrid fingerling.]]>2124130Oti, E.E. and U.H. Ukpabi,2005Thevetia peruviana (Persoon) and neem plant Azadirachta indica (Lodd) to mormyrids, Hyperopisus bebe occidentalis (Gunther).]]>16183190Parish, P.R.,19851985pp: 31-57pp: 31-57Rahman, I., I. Gogoi, A.K. Dolui and R.Handique,200526239241Reed, W., J. Burchard, A.J. Hopson, J. Jennes and I. Yaro,1969pp: 226pp: 226Ruparelia, S.G., V. Yogendra, S.R. Saiyed and U.M. Rawal,1990Oreochromis mossombica (Peters) during prolonged exposure.]]>45305312Sprague, J.B.,19715245266Ufodike, E.B.C. and E. Omoregie,1994Balanites aegyptica and Kigelia africana to Oreochromis nitoticus (L.).]]>25873879UNEP.,19911991Wade, J.W., E. Omorege and I. Ezenwaka,2002Manihot esculenta) effluent on the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.]]>178994