Research Journal of Environmental Sciences1819-34122151-8238Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/rjes.2011.772.778Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Isolates from Climate Change Prone Areas in East Africa]]>OnasanyaA. KiepeP. BassoA. NkimaG. NwileneF.E. IngelbrechtI. LamoJ. EkperiginM.M. OnasanyaR.O. OyelakinO. WinterS. SereY. 9201159Genomic DNA fingerprinting is a useful tool for effective and reliable identification and differentiation of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathogen from rice. The study aimed to conduct molecular characterization and DNA fingerprinting of 23 Xoo isolates from East Africa and two Xoo isolates from IRRI (Philippines) as control. PCR analysis was carryout on genomic DNA of 25 Xoo isolates using 6 Xoo specific primer pairs. Cluster analyses of genetic data obtained from 25 Xoo DNA fingerprints revealed two major genotypes (GrpA and GrpB) among the 25 Xoo isolates. GrpA has three subgroups (GrpA1; GrpA2; GrpA3) and GrpB (GrpB1; GrpB2; GrpB3). GrpA genotype consists of 20 Xoo isolates from Uganda, Rwanda and Philippines while GrpB genotype has 5 Xoo isolates from Rwanda. Some Xoo isolates were identical (PX-1, PX-2; UX621, RX2101; RX554, UX623, RX4113; UX211, UX213, UX214, RX4112, UX215). The emergence of subgroup genotypes could possibly be due to mutations and interactions among isolates and strains in host cells. Some Xoo isolates from Rwanda and Uganda were identical suggesting possible pathogen migration between these countries and long-term survival. Durable resistance rice cultivars would need to overcome both GrpA and GrpB Xoo genotypes in order to survive after their deployment into different rice ecologies in East Africa.]]>Adhikari, T.B., C. Cruz, Q. Zhang, R.J. Nelson, D.Z. Skinner, T.W. Mew and J.E. Leach,1995Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Asia.]]>61966971Adhikari, T.B., R.C. Basnyat and T.W. Mew,1999Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae on rice lines containing single resistance genes and gene combinations.]]>834650Bonde, M.R., J.A. Micales and G.L. Peterson,199377961968Ebdon, J.S. and H.G. Gauch,200242489496Jako, E., E. Ari, P. Ittzes, A. Horvath and J. Podani,200952887897Gnanamanickam, S.S., V.B. Priyadarisini, N.N. Narayanan, P. Vasudevan and S. Kavitha,19997714351444Innes, D., I.R. Beacham, C.A. Beven, M. Douglas, M.W. Laird, J.C. Joly and D.M. Burns,2001Salmonella enterica (serotype typhimurium) has been inactivated by a single missense mutation.]]>14718871896Ivchenko, G.I. and S.A. Honov,199888789794Shanti, M.L., C.M.K. Varma, P. Premalatha, G.L. Devi, U. Zehr and W. Freeman,201015868Mongkolsuk, S., W. Whangsuk, M. Fuangthong and S. Loprasert,2000Xanthomonas campestris.]]>18238463849Onasanya, A., M.M. Ekperigin, F.E. Nwilene, Y. Sere and R.O. Onasanya,2009Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae virulence identified in West Africa.]]>22235Onasanya, A., A. Basso, E. Somado, E.R. Gasore and F.E. Nwilene et al.,2010989105Onasanya, A., H.D. Mignouna and G. Thottappilly,2003Staphylococcus aureus from Nigeria.]]>2246250Onasanya, A., M.M. Ekperigin, Y. Sere and J.O. Ajele,2008Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates causing rice bacterial leaf blight disease in West Africa.]]>3227236Onasanya, A., M.M. Ekperigin, Y. Sere, F.E. Nwilene, J.O. Ajele and G. Oboh,2007Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates as revealed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PH) analysis.]]>6357363Rohlf, F.J.,20002000Sakthivel, N., C.N. Mortensen and S.B. Mathur,2001Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in artificially inoculated and naturally infected rice seeds and plants by molecular techniques.]]>56435441Sere, Y., A. Onasanya, V. Verdier, K. Akator and L.S. Ouedraogo et al.,20054577579Zeigler, R.S. and E. Alvarez,1990Pseudomonas spp. Causing grain discoloration and sheath rot of rice and associated Pseudomonad epiphytes.]]>74917922