Plant Pathology Journal1812-53871812-5425Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ppj.2016.144.151Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato Seedlings]]>HassanMaggie E.M. ZawamHanaa S. NahasShereen E.M. El- DesoukeyAbeer F. 42016154Background: Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes on different crops, distributed all over the world and attacks threat of thousands of plant species. Objective: Comparison between silver nanoparticles, nematicides and silver nanoparticles in combination with nematicides against root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita had been studied. Methodology: Evaluation depends on the results of silver nanoparticles, nematicides fenamiphos and oxamyl with different concentrations from 25-90% and different exposure periods from 24-72 h. Results: The results indicated that the highest concentration 90% achieved the highest percentage of juveniles mortality after 72 h, which were 95, 87, 98 and 100% for silver nanoparticles, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), fenamiphos and oxamyl, respectively, while mortality of the control was 1.5%. The study included the malformed shape of juveniles, showed paralysis when treated with fenamiphos, oxamyl and PVP, while silver nano-particles showed degradation in cell wall under laboratory conditions. Evaluation included root of tomato seedlings and it showed positive effect for silver nanoparticles. The pathogen signs such as galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and nematode in 250 g soil had been studied. The combination of fenamiphos and silver nanoparticles (1:1) gave significant decrease in number of galls, egg-masses, developmental stages, rate of build up and number of nematode in soil. Evaluating growth parameters showed significant increase in root length which reached to (40 cm) in the combination of oxamyl and nanoparticles compared with the root length of infested tomato seedlings (18 cm) under greenhouse conditions. Conclusion: The results clarified the positive effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with the nematicides on M. incognita and the enhancement on growth parameters of tomato seedlings. More research needs to determine the long run effect.]]>Sharon, M., A.K. Choudhary and R. Kumar,201028392Kim, S.H., M.C. Choi, J.S. Yoo and H.S. Kim,20082008Anderson, C.B.,20092009Kim, S.H., H.S. Lee, D.S. Ryu, S.J. Choi and D.S. Lee,2011Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.]]>397785Sharma, D., L. Ledwani and N. Bhatnagar,2015Rheum emodi roots extract.]]>24121135Sayed, S.R.M., A.H. Bahkali, M.M. Bakri, A.H. Hirad, A.M. Elgorban and M.A. El-Metwally,2015Aspergillus terreus.]]>11858863Pulit, J., M. Banach, R. Szczyglowska and M. Bryk,201360795798Balashanmugam, P., M.D. Balakumaran, R. Murugan, K. Dhanapal and P.T. Kalaichelvan,2016in vitro antifungal activity against human and plant pathogens.]]>1925264Borase, H.P., C.D. Patil, R.B. Salunkhe, C.P. Narkhede, R.K. Suryawanshi, B.K. Salunke and S.V. Patil,2014465965Cromwell, W.A., J. Yang, J.L. Starr and Y.K. Jo,201446261266Sergey, I. and A.B.E. Bozhevolnyi,20062006Snedecor, G.W. and W.G. Cochran,19676th Edn.,Pages: 305Pages: 305Fisher, R.A.,1948pp: 170-173pp: 170-173Batchelor-McAuley, C., K. Tschulik, C.C.M. Neumann, E. Laborda and R.G. Compton,2014911321138Kaur, P., R. Thakur and A. Choudhary,2012in vitro study of the antifungal activity of silver/chitosan nanoformulations against important seed borne pathogens.]]>18386Nordmeyer, D. and D.W. Dickson,1990Meloidogyne incognita and Radopholus similes.]]>13311316Steele, A.E.,1976Heterodera schachtii on sugarbeet.]]>8137141