<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
  PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.0 20040830//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/2.0/journalpublishing.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.0" xml:lang="EN">

  <front>

    <journal-meta>

      <journal-title>Plant Pathology Journal</journal-title>

      <issn pub-type="ppub">1812-5387</issn>

      <issn pub-type="epub">1812-5425</issn>

      <publisher>

        <publisher-name>Asian Network for Scientific Information</publisher-name>

      </publisher>

    </journal-meta>


    <article-meta>

      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3923/ppj.2012.73.76</article-id>


      <title-group>

        <article-title><![CDATA[Compatibility of Different Insecticides with <I>Trichoderma harzianum</I> Under <I>in vitro</I> Condition]]></article-title>

      </title-group>


      <contrib-group>

        <contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple">


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Singh</surname>

            <given-names>Vinit Pratap</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Srivastava</surname>

            <given-names>Seweta</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Shrivastava</surname>

            <given-names>Swapnil Kumar</given-names>

          </name>


          <name name-style="western">

            <surname>Singh</surname>

            <given-names>H.B.</given-names>

          </name>


        </contrib>

      </contrib-group>


      <pub-date pub-type="collection">


        <month>2</month>




        <year>2012</year>

      </pub-date>


      <volume>11</volume>

      <issue>2</issue>


      <abstract><![CDATA[<p><I>Trichoderma</I> spp. are also known as effective bio-control agents against soil-borne pathogens of several important crops. Integration of chemicals and bio-control agents has been the subject of research during recent years. The potential value of bio-pesticides for the control of important plant pathogens requires investigation due to the general requirement for very low pesticide residues in foodstuffs and concerns over the increasing development of resistance to the different classes of chemicals. The aim of the present study was to check the compatibility of different insecticides viz., Decis (deltamethrin 2.8% EC), Ekalux EC 25 (quinalphos 25% EC), Fenval 20% EC (fenvalerate 20% EC), Hilcron 36 SL (monocrotophos 36 SL), Hildan 35 EC (endosulfan 35 EC), Hilmida (imidacloprid 17.8 SL), Marshal 25 E (carbosulfan 25% EC), Rogor 30% EC (dimethoate 30% EC), Rocket 44 EC (profenofos 40%+cypermethrin   4%) with V<SUB>15</SUB> strain of <I>Trichoderma harzianum </I>Rifai. Mycelial growth of V<SUB>15</SUB> strain of <I>Trichoderma harzianum</I> was calculated in the presence of above mentioned insecticides by using Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium and SP<SUB>3</SUB> medium separately. Hilmida (imidacloprid 17.8 SL) was found to be most compatible with V<SUB>15</SUB> strain of <I>Trichoderma harzianum</I> in both the liquid media as it shows nil percentage reduction of mycelium. It was concluded that conclude that Decis (deltamethrin 2.8% EC), Hilcron 36 SL (monocrotophos 36 SL), Hilmida (imidacloprid 17.8 SL) and Rogor 30% EC (dimethoate 30% EC) are compatible insecticides with biocontrol agent (<I>Trichoderma harzianum</I>) while some insecticides viz., Ekalux EC 25 (Quinalphos 25% EC), marshal 25 E (carbosulfan 25% EC) and rocket 44 EC (profenofos 40%+cypermethrin 4%) inhibits the growth of <I>Trichoderma </I>spp.</p>]]></abstract>


    </article-meta>

  </front>


  <ref-list>




      <ref id="965909">

        <label>1</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Bhai, R.S. and J. Thomas,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Compatibility of trichoderma harzianum (Rifai.) with fungicides, insecticides and fertilizers.]]></article-title>

          <source>Indian Phytopathol.,</source>

          <volume>63</volume>

          <fpage>145</fpage>

          <lpage>148</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>






















      <ref id="11596">

        <label>2</label>

        <citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Chet, I.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1987</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Trichoderma-application, Mode of Action and Potential as a Biocontrol Agent of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi.]]></article-title>

          <source>Trichoderma-application, Mode of Action and Potential as a Biocontrol Agent of Soilborne Plant Pathogenic Fungi.</source>

          <volume>1987</volume>

          <fpage>pp: 137-160</fpage>

          <lpage>pp: 137-160</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>














      <ref id="272405">

        <label>3</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Cook, R.J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2000</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Advances in plant health management in 20th century.]]></article-title>

          <source>Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.,</source>

          <volume>38</volume>

          <fpage>95</fpage>

          <lpage>116</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


























      <ref id="52898">

        <label>4</label>

        <citation citation-type="anonymous" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Gilreath, P.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2002</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Manatee vegetable newsletter.]]></article-title>

          <source>Manatee vegetable newsletter.</source>

          <volume>2002</volume>

        </citation>

      </ref>










      <ref id="965914">

        <label>5</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Ha, T.N.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Using <I>Trichoderma</I> species for biological control of plant pathogens in vietnam.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. ISSAAS,</source>

          <volume>16</volume>

          <fpage>17</fpage>

          <lpage>21</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="969019">

        <label>6</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Haowen, P., L. Qiqin and L. Wei,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2004</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Research on biological control and its applications.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Guangxi Agric. Biol. Sci.,</source>

          <volume>2</volume>

          <fpage>170</fpage>

          <lpage>174</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="565177">

        <label>7</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Jegathambigai, V., R.S.W. Wijeratnam and R.L.C. Wijesundera,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Effect of <I>Trichoderma</I> sp. on <I>Sclerotium rolfsii</I>, the causative agent of collar rot on <I>Zamioculcas zamiifolia</I> and an on farm method to mass produce <I>Trichoderma</I> species.]]></article-title>

          <source>Plant Pathol. J.,</source>

          <volume>9</volume>

          <fpage>47</fpage>

          <lpage>55</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="938730">

        <label>8</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Kredics, L., Z. Antal, L. Manczinger, A. Szekeres, F. Kevei and E. Nagy,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2003</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Influence of environmental parameters on <I>Trichoderma</I> strains with biocontrol potential.]]></article-title>

          <source>Food Technol. Biotechnol.,</source>

          <volume>41</volume>

          <fpage>37</fpage>

          <lpage>42</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="234146">

        <label>9</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Locke, J.C., J.J. Marois and G.C. Papavizas,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1985</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Biological control of Fusarium wilt of greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums.]]></article-title>

          <source>Plant Dis.,</source>

          <volume>69</volume>

          <fpage>167</fpage>

          <lpage>169</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="965917">

        <label>10</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Madhavi, M., C. Kumar, P. Chandra, D. R. Reddy and T.V.K. Singh,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2008</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Compatibility of mutant isolates of <I>Trichoderma</I> spp. with agrochemicals.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Biol. Control,</source>

          <volume>22</volume>

          <fpage>51</fpage>

          <lpage>55</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="39613">

        <label>11</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Monte, E.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2001</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Understanding <I>Trichoderma</I>: Between biotechnology and microbial ecology.]]></article-title>

          <source>Int. Microbiol.,</source>

          <volume>4</volume>

          <fpage>1</fpage>

          <lpage>4</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="57511">

        <label>12</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Papavizas, G.C.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1985</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[<I>Trichoderma</I> and <I>Gliocladium</I>: Biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol.]]></article-title>

          <source>Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.,</source>

          <volume>23</volume>

          <fpage>23</fpage>

          <lpage>54</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="287673">

        <label>13</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Samuels, G.J.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1996</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[<I>Trichoderma</I>: A review of biology and systematics of the genus.]]></article-title>

          <source>Mycol. Res.,</source>

          <volume>100</volume>

          <fpage>923</fpage>

          <lpage>935</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="965920">

        <label>14</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sarkar, S., P. Naratayanan, A. Divakaran, A. Balamurugan and R. Premkumar,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2010</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[The <I>in vitro</I> effect of certain fungicides, insecticides, and biopesticides on mycelial growth in the biocontrol fungus <I>Trichoderma harzianum</I>.]]></article-title>

          <source>Turk J. Biol.,</source>

          <volume>34</volume>

          <fpage>399</fpage>

          <lpage>403</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>


















      <ref id="969022">

        <label>15</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sharma, P.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2011</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Evaluation of disease control and plant growth promotion potential of biocontrol agents on <I>Pisum sativum</I> and comparison of their activity with popular chemical control agent-carbendazim.]]></article-title>

          <source>J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Sci.,</source>

          <volume>3</volume>

          <fpage>127</fpage>

          <lpage>138</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
























      <ref id="43225">

        <label>16</label>

        <citation citation-type="conference" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Sterk, G., F. Heuts, N. Merck and J. Bock,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>2002</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Sensitivity of non-target arthropods and beneficial fungal species to chemical and biological plant protection products: Results of laboratory and semi-field trials. ]]></article-title>

          <source>roceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods,</source>

          <volume>2002</volume>

          <fpage>pp: 306</fpage>

          <lpage>313</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>












      <ref id="883073">

        <label>17</label>

        <citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple">

          <person-group person-group-type="author">

            <name name-style="western">

              <surname>Vincent, J.M.,</surname>

              <given-names></given-names>

            </name>

          </person-group>

          <year>1947</year>

          <article-title><![CDATA[Distortion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors.]]></article-title>

          <source>Nature,</source>

          <volume>159</volume>

          <fpage>850</fpage>

          <lpage>850</lpage>

        </citation>

      </ref>
















  </ref-list>

</article>

