Plant Pathology Journal1812-53871812-5425Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ppj.2011.161.167Cannabis sativa Witches'-broom Disease in Iran]]>SichaniFereshteh Vali BaharMasoud ZirakLeila 42011104A new disease of hemp plants characterized by witches'-brooms and stunting symptoms was appeared in Yazd province in the centre of Iran. Phytoplasma infections were detected in symptomatic hemps by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications using phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 in nested PCR. Restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis results using CfoI restriction enzyme confirmed that the hemp witches'-broom phytoplasma isolates are related to stolbur group. Also, virtual RFLP analysis revealed that hemp witches'-broom phyutoplasmas in Iran are different from members of other 16SrXII subgroups. Sequence analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene indicated that the phytoplasmas associated with hemp in Iran shared high similarity with Candidatus Phytoplasma solani and other phytoplasmas related to stolbur group. This research is the first report of hemp infection with phytoplasmas related to stolbur group.]]>The IRPCM Phytoplasma/Spiroplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma Taxonomy Group,2004Candidatus phytoplasma, a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects.]]>5412431255Agrios, G.N.,19983rd Edn.,De Meijer, E.P.M.,199526673Deng, S. and C. Hiruki,1991145361Hosseini, P., M. Bahar, G. Madani and L. Zirak,2011159241246Frank, M.,1988Pages: 371Pages: 371Girsova, N., K.D., Bottner, K.A. Mozhaeva, T.B. Kastalyeva, R.A. Owens and I.M. Lee,200892654654Kawar, P.G., M.C. Pagariya, S.R. Patel, G.B. Dixit and D.T. Prasad,201041619Kumar, S., K. Tamura and M. Nei,20043: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment.]]>5150163Lee, I.M., R.W. Hammond, R.E. Davis and D.E. Gundersen,199383834842McPartland, J.M.,1983Cannabis sativa in Illinois.]]>72797797Murray, M.G. and W.F. Thompson,1980843214326Nejat, N. and G. Vadamalai,20109112121Phatak, H.C., T. Lundsgsssrd, V.S. Verma and S. Sing,1975Cannabis Phyllody.]]>83281284Rashidi, M., N. Habili and A. Ghasemi,2010Euonymus japonicas).]]>59796796Salehi, M., J. Heydarnejad and K. Izadpanah,2005416265Schneider, B., E. Seemuller, C.D. Smart and B.C. Kirkpatrick,19951995pp: 369-380pp: 369-380Sharma, G.K. and S.K. Mann,1984Cannabis sativa L. (marihuana) in response to environmental pollution.]]>593840Van der Werf, H.M.G., W.C.A. van Geel and M. Wijlhuizen,1995Cannabis sativa L.) in the Netherlands, 1987-1993.]]>21417Weintraub, P.G. and L. Beanland,20065191111Zhao, Y., Q. Sun, R.E. Davis and I.M. Lee,2007cannabisu spp. in China and its association with a phytoplasma of elm yellows group (16SrV).]]>91227227Zhao, Y., W. Wei, I.M. Lee, J. Shao, X. Suo and R.E. Davis,20095925822593Zirak, L., M. Bahar and A. Ahoonmanesh,2010158105110Zirak, L., M. Bahar and A. Ahoonmanesh,2009157736741Zirak, L., M. Bahar and A. Ahoonmanesh,200991713716Qualglino, F., Y. Zaho, P.A. Bianco, W. Wei, P. Casati, G. Durante and R.E. Davis,2009154279289Raj, S.K., M.S. Khan, S.K. Snehi and S. Kumar,2008Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (group 16SrI) associated with a witches`-broom disease of Cannabis sativa in India.]]>5711731173