Plant Pathology Journal1812-53871812-5425Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ppj.2006.191.198Colletotrichum spp. on Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Puerto Rico and Florida, USA]]>Rivera-VargasLydia I.Lugo-NoelYanaliz McGovernRobert J.SeijoTeresa DavisMichael J.2200652An extensive survey of anthracnose in mango caused by Colletotrichum spp. was conducted in seven locations from western, central and eastern, Florida, USA and five locations from western and southern, Puerto Rico. Morphological, serological and molecular characteristics of 183 Colletotrichum spp. isolates was determined. Ninety three percent of the isolates from Puerto Rico and Florida, USA were identified as C. gloeosporioides, while only 5% (eight isolates) as C. acutatum. Another 2% (3 isolates) from the same host were negative for both species. Pathogenicity tests conducted on detached mango leaves showed that both species were pathogenic. Necrotic lesions produced orange to salmon conidial masses on acervuli 7 days after inoculation. Colonies of isolates producing aerial mycelia were white, gray and/or dark gray, often with conidial masses on acidified potato dextrose agar. Conidia of isolates were hyaline, one-celled, ovoid to oblong, straight or slightly curved and ranged from 12 to 20 x 3.5 to 6 μm for C. gloeosporioides and 8 to 13 x 2 to 5 μm for C. acutatum. ELISA and PCR assays were used complementary to morphological results and confirmed C. acutatum causing anthracnose in mango`s flower, peduncles and immature fruit in Homestead, Florida. Colletotrichum acutatum was neither found during this survey and has never been reported on mango in Puerto Rico. Colletotrichum spp. identification is essential in the development of control strategies of anthracnose disease because of differences within species to benomyl and azoxystrobin. Other fungi isolated from necrotic lesions in mango were identified as Phomopsis sp., Cladosporium sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium pallidoroseum, Pestalotiopsis sp., Alternaria infectoria and Nigrospora sp. Pathogenicity tests also indicated that A. infectoria, F. pallidoroseum and Pestalotiopsis sp. were pathogenic to detached mango leaves under laboratory conditions.]]>Afanador-Kafuri, L., D. Minz, M. Mayamon and S. Freeman,2003Colletotrichum isolates from tamarillo, passiflora and mango in Colombia and identification of a unique species from the genus.]]>93579587Arauz, L.F.,200084600611Brown, A.E., S. Sreenivasaprasad and L. Timmer,1996Colletotrichum from citrus as C. acutatum.]]>86523527Davis, M.J.,1999112197200Du, M., C.L. Schardl, E.M. Nuckles and L.J. Vaillancourt,2005Colletotrichum species complexes.]]>97641658Freeman, S., T. Katan and E. Shabi,1998Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose diseases of various fruits.]]>82596605Graham, G.C., P. Mayers and R.J. Henry,1994164850Guerber, J.C., B. Liu, J.C. Correll and P.R. Johnston,2003Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato by sequence analysis of two gene introns, mtDNA and intron RFLP=s and mating compatibility.]]>95872895Jeffries, P., J.C. Dodd, M.J. Jeger and R.A. Plumbley,1990Colletotrichum species on tropical fruit crops.]]>39343366Mills, P.R., S. Sreenivasaprasad and A.E. Brown,1992Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates using PCR.]]>98137144Weng, F.Y. and T.Y. Chuang,19953295309Adaskaveg, J.E. and H. Foster,2000Colletotrichum Species on Tree Fruit Crops in California.]]>2000Dyko, B.J. and J.E.M. Mordue,1979Colletotrichum acutatum Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria.]]>Lugo-Noel, Y.,2001Colletotrichum spp. in mango (Mangifera indica L.) through biological and chemical methods.]]>2001Mordue, J.E.M.,1971Glomerella Cingulata Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria.]]>Ploetz, R.C.,19941994pp: 35-36pp: 35-36Puerto Rico's Department of Agriculture,20062006Sutton, B.C.,1980Pages: 696Pages: 696Vinnere, O.,20042004White, T.J., T.D. Bruns, S.B. Lee and J.W. Taylor,19901990pp: 315-322pp: 315-322Barnett, H.L. and B.B. Hunter,19984th Edn.,Fitzell, R.D. and C.M. Peak,19841045359