Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2019.983.988® as an Herbal Growth Promoter on the Jejunal Histological and Ultrastructural Changes of Broiler Chickens]]>SuryaniA.E. WuryastutyH. WasitoR. KarimyM.F. 1020191810Background and Objective: There has been a great deal of attention on the use of herbal feed additives for replacing the utility of antimicrobial agents. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of adding KimchiStock® to drinking water on the histological and ultrastructural changes of the villi in the jejunum of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: Fifty one-day-old broiler chickens, strain Cobb, were used as experimental animals. Chickens were randomly allotted into control (K1) and treated (K2) groups. K2 received a 0.2% water additive (KimchiStock®) in their drinking water for 5 days consecutively every week for 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment periods, the chicks in each group were killed by cervical dislocation and necropsied and jejunal samples were collected for histological and ultrastructural analyses. Results: Based on the description of the jejunal histopathology, the best results were found in the treated group. In the ultrastructural study, although there were no significant differences (p>0.05) between treatments for villi width; the height and the density of the jejunal villi in the treated (K2) group were significantly (p<0.05) higher and more dense compared to those in the control (K1) group. Conclusion: KimchiStock® increased immunomodulation through hyperplasia of lymphocytic cells, which allows it to prevent infection in poultry. KimchiStock® increases the height and density of the jejunal villi which helps maximize digestion capacity and growth performance. Thus, KimchiStock® can be used as a substitute for growth promoter antibiotics.]]>Furtula, V., E.G. Farrell, F. Diarrassouba, H. Rempel, J. Pritchard and M.S. Diarra,2010Escherichia coli isolates in poultry litter from commercial farms and controlled feeding trials.]]>89180188Merchant, L.E., H. Rempel, T. Forge, T. Kannangara and S. Bittman et al.,2012Escherichia coli from soil fertilized with litter of broiler chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets]]>5810841098Castanon, J.I.R.,20078624662471Smith, D.L., A.D. Harris, J.A. Johnson, E.K. Silbergeld and J.G. Morris Jr.,20029964346439Jaiswal, S.K., A.K. Chaturvedani, M. Raza, L. Dilliwar, K. Dhruw and V. Sahu,20176254 259Khan, I. and S.C. Kang,2016Lactobacillus plantarum DGK-17 isolated from Kimchi-A traditional Korean fermented food.]]>608894Yoon, J.H., S.S. Kang, T.I. Mheen, J.S. Ahn and H.J. Lee et al.,2000Lactobacillus kimchii sp. nov., a new species from kimchi.]]>5017891795Park, K.Y., J.H. Kil, K.O. Jung, C.S. Kong and L.M. Lee,2006706167172Awad, W., K. Ghareeb and J. Bohm,2008Synbiotic containing Enterococcus faecium and Oligosaccharides.]]>922052216Thanh, N.T., T.C. Loh, H.L. Foo, M. Hair-Bejo and B.K. Azhar,2009Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, faecal microbial population, small intestine villus height and faecal volatile fatty acids in broilers. ]]>50298306Thu, T.V., T.C. Loh, H.L. Foo, H. Yaakub and M.H. Bejo,2011Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, faeces characteristics, intestinal morphology and diarrhoea incidence in postweaning piglets.]]>436975Vamanu, E.,20172414531457Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie,19802nd Edn.,Pages: 633Pages: 633Goldstein, J., D.E. Newbury, P. Echlin, D.C. Joy and A.D. Romig Jr. et al.,20122nd Edn.,Pages: 840Pages: 840Han, E.S., H.J. Kim and H.K. Choi,20152015pp: 343-370pp: 343-370Park, K.Y., J.K. Jeong, Y.E. Lee and J.W. Daily,201417620Chichlowski, M., W.J. Croom, F.W. Edens, B.W. McBride and R. Qiu et al.,20078611211132Uni, Z.,20062006Rahimi, S., J.L. Grimes, O. Fletcher, E. Oviedo and B.W. Sheldon,200988491503Mountzouris, K.C., P. Tsirtsikos, E. Kalamara, S. Nitsch, G. Schatzmayr and K. Fegeros,2007Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities.]]>86309317Ariyadi, B. and S. Harimurti,201514276278Sato, K., K. Takahashi, M. Tohno, Y. Miura, T. Kamada, S. Ikegami and H. Kitazawa,20098825322538Jiang, J., B. Shi, D.Q. Zhu, Q.X. Cai and Y.R. Chen et al.,2012Lactobacillus sakei LSJ618 isolated from traditional Chinese fermented radish.]]>23338344Grosu-Tudor, S.S. and M. Zamfir,201327235248Lee, J.K., D.W. Jung, Y.J. Kim, S.K. Cha, M.K. Lee and B.H. Ahn,2009181217Gaggia, F., D. Di Gioia, L. Buffoni and B. Biavati,201122S58S66Smalling, S., S.S. Diarra and F. Amosa,201918339345Susiani, R.D., R. Wasito and H. Wuryastuti,20192155162