Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2015.799.807Sauropus androgynus Leaves on Meat Composition, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Compositions in Broiler Chickens]]>SantosoUrip FenitaYosi Kususiyah Gde. BiduraI. Gusti Nyoman 1120151411The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented Sauropus androgynus leaves (SAL) on meat composition of broiler meats. One hundred and twelve broiler chicks aged 15 days were distributed to seven groups with four replicates of four broiler chicks each. One group was fed diet without fermented SAL as the control and other six groups were fed diets 2.5 or 5% Neurospora crassa fermented SAL; 2.5 or 5% EM4 fermented SAL and 2.5 or 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented SAL. It was shown that inclusion of fermented SAL significantly affected the contents of vitamin A, beta-carotene, iron, fat, cholesterol and protein in broiler meats (p<0.01). Inclusion of fermented SAL to diets significantly affected aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine (p<0.01) but it had no effect on threonine. Inclusion of fermented SAL to diets significantly affected myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (p<0.01). In conclusion, 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented SAL inclusion resulted in the best broiler meat quality as indicated by lower fat and cholesterol with higher vitamin A, beta-carotene, protein, iron contents with better amino acid and fatty acid balances.]]>Adam, G.O.A., Y. Hua, M.V.M. Chamba and M.A.A. Gasmalla,2013in vitro protein digestibility of fermented sorghum and broad bean (Visia faba L. Major) blended flour.]]>231016Agrawal, S.K., V. Karthikeyan, P. Parthiban and R. Nandhini,20148920925Aiura, F.S. and M.R.B. de Carvalho,2007Nile tilapia fed on rations containing tannin.]]>425156Andarwulan, N., D. Kurniasih, R.A. Apriady, H. Rahmat, A.V. Roto and B.W. Bolling,20124339347AOAC,19803rd Edn.,Ari, M.M., B.A. Ayanwale, T.Z. Adama and E.A. Olatunji,2012Glycine max).]]>2613Azis, S. and R. Muktiningsih,2006Sauropus androgynus) leaves.]]>1514850Bohac, C.E., K.S. Rhee, H.R. Cross and K. Ono,19885316421644Bulder, C.J.E.A. and M. Reinink,197440445455Cao, F.L., X.H. Zhang, W.W. Yu, L.G. Zhao and T. Wang,2012Ginkgo biloba leaves on growth performance, meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers.]]>9112101221Chen, C.C., Y.C. Shih, P.W.S. Chiou and B. Yu,201023598606Dordevic, T.M., S.S. Siler-Marinkovic and S.I. Dimitrijevic-Brankovic,2010119957963FAO.,20132013Francis, G., Z. Kerem, H.P. Makkar and K. Becker,200288587605Francis, G., Z. Kerem, H.P. Makkar and K. Becker,200288587605Fujiwara, K., Y. Miyaguchi, X.H. Feng, A. Toyoda and Y. Nakamura et al.,20082117661772Gutierrez, L.E. and R.C.M. da Silva,199350473477Hermana, W.,2013Sauropus androgynus) and mulberry leaves meal (Morus alba) on productivity and physiology status of laying quail.]]>2013Ibrahim, S.S., R.A. Habiba, A.A. Shatta and H.E. Embaby,2002469295Juan, M.Y. and C.C. Chou,2010Bacillus subtilis BCRC 14715.]]>27586591Lahay, N. and Rinduwati,20072007Malik, A.,199733941Mohite, B.V., G.A. Chaudhari, H.S. Ingale and V.N. Mahajan,2013in vitro mineral estimation of selected fermented foods.]]>2013731377Morel, P.C.H., J. Melai, S.L. Eady and G.D. Coles,20031816341641Morrison, W.R. and L.M. Smith,19645600608Nahak, G. and R.K. Sahu,2010Sauropus androgynus L. Merr).]]>2614Ngamukote, S., K. Makynen, T. Thilawech and S. Adisakwattana,20111650545061Nuraini,2006Neurospora crassa in producing diet with high β carotene and its effect on broielr and layer.]]>2006Nuraini, Sabrina and S.A. Latif,2009Neurospora crassa to produce β carotene rich feed.]]>8487490Oboh, G.,2006Saccharomyces cerevisae and Lactobacillus sp. solid media fermentation techniques.]]>94649Olagunju, A.I. and B.O.T. Ifesan,2013224072410Olaniyi, L.O. and S. Mehhizadeh,2013Nephelium lappaceum L.).]]>2013Olson, J.A. and O. Hayaishi,19655413641370Othman, R., F.A.M. Zaifuddin and N.M. Hassan,201519268274Patil, R.H., K. Prakash and V.L. Maheshwari,2010Celastrus paniculatus in experimentally induced hypercholesterolemic wistar rats.]]>25405410Rajapakse, N., E. Mendis, W.K. Jung, J.Y. Je and S.K. Kim,200538175182Samad, A.P.A., U. Santoso, M.C. Lee and F.H. Nan,2014Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) on growth, non-specific immune and diseases resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in grouper Epinephelus coioides.]]>36582589Santoso, U., M. Ishikawa and K. Tanaka,200013516520Santoso, U., S. Ohtani and K. Tanaka,20001317581763Santosol, U., S. Ishikawa and K. Tanaka,200114535539Santoso, U., K. Tanaka, S. Ohtani and M. Sakaida,2001Bacillus subtilis on feed conversion efficiency, lipid accumulation and ammonia production in broiler chicks.]]>14333337Santoso, U., Kususiyah and Y. Fenita,2010Sauropus androgynus extract and lemuru oil on fat deposition and fatty acid composition of meat in broiler chickens.]]>354854Santoso, U., T. Suteky and Y. Fenita,2010Sauropus androgynus leaves on egg production and lipid profil in layer chicken.]]>12184189Santoso, U. and Sartini,2001Sauropus androgynus (Katuk) leaf meal supplementation.]]>14346350Santoso, U., J. Setianto and T. Suteky,2005Sauropus androgynus (Katuk) extract on egg production and lipid metabolism in layers.]]>18364369Sathivel, S., P.J. Bechtel, J. Babbitt, S. Smiley, C. Crapo, K.D. Reppond and W. Prinyawiwatkul,2003Clupea harengus) byproduct hydrolysates.]]>6821962200Searcy, R.L., L.M. Bergquist and R.C. Jung,19601349351Sheela, K., K.G. Nath, D. Vijayalakshmi, G.M. Yankanchi and R.B. Patil,200415227229Shrime, M.G., S.R. Bauer, A.C. McDonald, N.H. Chowdhury, C.E.M. Coltart and E.L. Ding,201114119821988Su, J.S., B.N. Liu, P.F. Tian, Q. Lin, Y.X. Zhao and X.Z. Ge,20103797101Singh, S., D.R. Singh, K.M. Salim, A. Srivastava, L.B. Singh and R.C. Srivastava,201162765773Slamet, D.S., M.K. Mahmud, Muhilal, D. Fardiaz and Simarmata,1990Son, I.S., J.H. Kim, H.Y. Sohn, K.H. Son, J.S. Kim and C.S. Kwon,2007Dioscorea spp.), on high-cholesterol fed rats.]]>7130633071Steinkraus, K.H.,200212332Subekti, S.,20032003Sukaryana, Y., U. Atmomarsono, V.D. Yunianto and E. Supriyatna,20111167172, (In Indonesian)Susanti, N.M.P., I.N.A. Budiman and N.K. Warditiani,2014Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) leaves extracted by ethanol 90%.]]>38386Susi,2012Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica)].]]>283636, (In Indonesian)Syahruddin, E., R. Herawaty and R.W.S. Ningrat,2013Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) in diets on cholesterol content of broiler chicken carcass.]]>1210131018Yang, C.J., I.Y. Yang, D.H. Oh, I.H. Bae and S.G. Cho et al.,200316867872Yu, S.F., C.T. Shun, T.M. Chen and Y.H. Chen,2006Sauropus androgenus reduces body weight gain in Wistar rats.]]>2925102513Zang, M., S. Xu, K.A. Maitland-Toolan, A. Zuccollo and X. Hou et al.,20065521802191Zarrouki, B., N.J. Pillon, E. Kalbacher, H.A. Soula and G.N. N'Jomen et al.,20103415661575Zhang, Z.F., T.X. Zhou and I.H. Kim,201326416422Zivkovic, D.L., V. Peric, M.B. Barac and M.N. Perunovic,200247179187