Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2015.37.43In vitro Study]]>.Antonius WiryawanKomang G.ThalibAmlius JayanegaraAnuraga 12015141The objective of the present study was to investigate feed digestibility and methane emissions of ration based on oil palm by-products on addition of probiotics, namely Acetoanaerobium noterae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and banana stem in vitro. The substrate, i.e., oil palm by-products consisted of oil palm midrib, oil palm leaf, oil palm kernel cake and oil palm sludge in the ratio of 30, 30, 30 and 10%, respectively. The following treatments were tested: control (R0), R0+S. cerevisiae (R1), R0+A. noterae (R2), R0+S. cerevisiae+A. noterae (R3), R0+ banana stem (R4), R0+banana stem+S. cerevisiae (R5), R0+banana stem+A. noterae (R6) and R0+banana stem+S. cerevisiae+A. noterae (R7). The treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered-rumen fluid in four replicates (represented by three incubation units per replicate), conducted for 48 h at 39oC. Gas production and methane emission were measured at regular time point intervals. After the incubation, digestibility, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), ammonia and microbial counts were determined. Results showed that the highest dry matter digestibility was shown by R5 and the best reduction of methane emission was shown by R2 at 12 h of incubation. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotics did not affect the digestibility of ration based on oil palm by-products but A. noterae addition was potential to mitigate ruminal methane emission.]]>AOAC.,1997Ando, S., R.I. Khan, J. Takahasi, Y. Gamo, R. Morikawa, Y. Nishiguchi and K. Hayasaka,2004in vitro degradability of forages and methane production.]]>176872Campbell, J.R., M.D. Keneally and K.L. Campbell,20034th Edn.,Chaucheyras, F., G. Fonty, G. Bertin and P. Gouet,1995In vitro H2 utilization by a ruminal acetogenic bacterium cultivated alone or in association with an archaea methanogen is stimulated by a probiotic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.]]>6134663467Conway, E.J.,19503rd Edn.,Pages: 391Pages: 391Cottle, D.J., J.V. Nolan and S.G. Wiedeman,201151491514Damron, W.S.,2006Dawson, K.A., K.E. Newman and J.A. Boling,1990Lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activities.]]>6833923398Fievez, V., O.J. Babayemi and D. Demeyer,2005123-124197210Fonty, G., K. Joblin, M. Chavarot, R. Roux, G. Naylor and F. Michallon,20077363916403Getachew, G., M. Blummel, H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker,1998In vitro gas measuring techniques for assessment of nutritional quality of feeds: A review.]]>72261281Hart, K.J., D.R. Yanez-Ruiz, S.M. Duval, N.R. McEwan and C.J. Newbold,2008147835Hiai, S., H. Oura and T. Nakajima,197629116122Jayanegara, A., M. Kreuzer, E. Wina and F. Leiber,2011in vitro.]]>5111271136Jayanegara, A., S. Marquardt, E. Wina, M. Kreuzer and F. Leiber,2013In vitro indications for favourable non-additive effects on ruminal methane mitigation between high-phenolic and high-quality forages.]]>109615622Jayanegara, A., E. Wina and J. Takahashi,20142714261435Lopez, S., F.M. Mcintosh, R.J. Wallace and C.J. Newbold,19997819Makkar, H.P.S.,2003Pages: 102Pages: 102Martin, C., J. Rouel, J.P. Jouany, M. Doreau and Y. Chilliard,20088626422650McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh and C.A. Morgan,20026th Edn.,Pages: 693Pages: 693McAllister, T.A. and C.J. Newbold,200848713Min, B.R., T.N. Barry, G.T. Attwood and W.C. McNabb,2003106319Morvan, B., F. Bonnemoy, G. Fonty and P. Gouet,19962-utilizing acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea from digestive tract of different mammals.]]>32129133Oghimoto, K. and S. Imai,1980Reed, G. and T.W. Nagodawithana,19912nd Edn.,Smith, A.H., E. Zoetendal and R.I. Mackie,200550197205Thalib, A.,20027220226Thalib, A.,2004In vitro study of effectiveness of saponin from Sapindus rarak fruit as methanogenesis inhibitor on ruminal digestion system.]]>9164171Thalib, A.,200413197206Theodorou, M.K. and A.E. Brooks,19901990Van Soest, P.J.,1982Pages: 374Pages: 374van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robertson and B.A. Lewis,19917435833597Wina, E.,200095056Wina, E.,2001112027Wina, E.,2012222434Yoon, I.K. and M.D. Stern,1996Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae cultures on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows.]]>79411417