Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2014.600.609DabbourI.R. AhmadM.N. TakruriH.R. Al-IsmailK.M. 1020141310This study aimed to examine the in vivo effect of chemical properties of cold-pressed Milk Thistle Seed Oil (MTSO) on serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation product (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).These examinations were carried out to investigate the long-term effect of feeding two levels of MTSO in experimental diets with and without cholesterol. Sixty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Four groups were on free cholesterol diets with either 4% MTSO, 8% MTSO, 4% control (soybean oil) or 8% control oil. The other 4 groups were fed 1% cholesterol with percentages of oils similar to the first four groups for 12 weeks. Regarding serum lipoproteins there were significant differences (p<0.05) in TC in 8% MTSO and 8% control cholesterol-supplemented diets when compared with 8%control cholesterol-free diets. Also LDL-C of cholesterol-supplemented diet groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than cholesterol-free diet groups. An interesting result was the significantly high levels (p<0.05) of HDL-C in rats fed cholesterol-free diet with MTSO 4 and 8% when compared to cholesterol-supplemented diets. There was a significantly higher (p<0.05) HDL-C/LDL-C ratio for cholesterol-free diets than cholesterol-supplemented diets. Subsequently, high significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in AI values at 8% cholesterol-supplemented diet when compared with cholesterol-free diet. MDA showed clearly high levels at 8% control oil with or without cholesterol. 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