Pakistan Journal of Nutrition1680-51941994-7984Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjn.2009.208.213NongaH.E. KambarageD.M. 3200983The prevalence study of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted
in 43 smallholder farms which were randomly selected from 350 cattle farms
and seven medium scale farms purposively selected in Morogoro, Tanzania.
A total of 509 and 102 cross breed and local cattle, respectively aged
six months and above were used in the study. The selected animals were
examined for clinical signs of trypanosomosis and thereafter screened
for haemoparasites using direct blood smears and micro-centrifugation
methods. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle was 2.3% (95%
CI: 1.4-3.8, n = 691). Infected animals (n = 16) had the mean rectal temperature
of 39.1oC±1.03. The mean number of parasites and PCV
was 8.6±13.6 and 24.8%±7.9, respectively. Specific infection
rates based on trypanosomas species were 0.4%, 0.6%, and 1.3% for T.
congolense, T. brucei and T. vivax respectively. A highly significant
(P < 0.05) infection rate was found in cattle on farms located in northeastern
part of Morogoro town (4.0%, n = 303) than those in the southwest (1.0%,
n = 388, RR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.18 - 16.98). Sex, breed, grazing system,
farm size, acaricide application and chemoprophylaxis were not the risk
factors for the trypanosomosis infection. It was concluded that, despite
a continuous uses of chemoprophylaxis, synthetic pyrethroids, bush clearing
and many other methods against tsetse flies, trypanosomosis is still prevalent
in cattle in Morogoro. Animals in the livestock-wildlife interphase are
at higher risk of infection. It was recommended that trypanosomosis losses
due to cattle mortalities, reduced production and reproduction performance,
continuous disease treatment and control costs need to be quantified.
Knowing the associated losses may call for strengthening the disease surveillance,
treatment and control strategies which are aimed at reduction or total
elimination of the tsetse flies.]]>Blood, D.C. and O.M. Radostitis,200710th Edn.,pp: 2004pp: 2004Connor, R.J. and R.W. Halliwell,198719165172Eisler, M.C., J.M. Ndungu, G.A. Murilla, R.M. Mdachi and H. Mbwambo,19991999El-Hassan, E., B.O. Ikede and O. Adeyemo,1994Trypanosoma vivax infection on the oestrus cycle and fertility in the ewe.]]>26213218FAO.,2000Jahnke, H.E., G. Tacher, P. Keil and D. Rojat,19881988pp: 321Jahnke, H.E., G. Tacher, P. Keil and D. Rojat,19881988Jordan, A.M.,1974Glossina spp.) (Diptera, Glossinidae): A review.]]>63361399Kristjanson, P.M., B.M. Swallow, G.J. Rowlands, R.L. Kruska and P.N. de Leeuw,1999597998Losos, G.J. and B.O. Ikede,1972T. vivax, T. brucei, T. rhodesiense and T. gambiense.]]>9117Mbilu, T.J.N.K., R.S. Silayo, E.N. Kimbita and S.J. Onditi,2007Musca sorbens at KambalaVillage, Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania.]]>Mbwambo, H.A., P.N. Mella and K.A. Lekaki,198845239244Ministry of Agriculture and Co-Operatives,19981998Es Salaam, D. and P. Msolla,20012001Murray, M.J.C.M., J.C.M. Trail, D.A. Turner and Y. Wissocq,1983pp: 4-10pp: 4-10Paris, J., M. Murray and F. McOdimba,198239307316Peregrine, A.S., S.K. Moloo and D.D. Whitelaw,1988Tyrpanosoma vivax infections in boran cattle.]]>1988Reid, R.S., R.L. Kruska, U. Deichmann, P.K. Thornton and S.G.A. Leak,200077227236Sewell, M.M.H. and D.W. Brocklesby,19904th Edn.,Pages: 385Pages: 385Silayo, R.S. and F.N. Mkoma,19881988Thornton, P., T. Robinson, R. Kruska, P. Jones, J. McDermott, P. Kristjanson and R. Reid,20062006